Altair 8800 User Manual

Explains fundamental logic concepts and their relation to computer operations.

Discusses number systems including decimal, binary, and octal, for computer use.

Details the binary system, its digits (bits), and conversion from decimal numbers.

Explains the octal system and its use for simplifying binary number representation.

Covers the basic steps of defining problems, establishing approaches, and writing programs.

Illustrates program creation with a simple addition example and flow diagram.

Discusses machine language, mnemonics, assemblers, and compilers for programming.

Details the CPU's core functions, components (ALU, registers), and control systems.

Explains memory organization, addressing, access methods, and expandability.

Describes the function of the 2-MHz crystal-controlled clock in CPU timing.

Covers interfacing external devices for data input and output operations.

Explains the purpose and operation of front panel switches and indicator LEDs.

Details the process of loading and running a sample program using machine language mnemonics.

Introduces memory mapping as a technique for organizing and tracking memory usage.

Describes various methods for directly addressing memory locations and register pairs.

Provides helpful tips for proofreading, debugging programs, and using NOP instructions.

Covers special purpose commands: Input/Output, Interrupt, Carry Bit, and No Operation.

Details instructions that operate on individual registers or memory locations.

Explains instructions that process data in pairs of registers.

Describes instructions for rotating bits within the accumulator register.

Covers instructions for moving data between registers and memory.

Details instructions where data is part of the instruction itself.

Explains instructions that alter program flow, including jumps, calls, and returns.

Summarizes command instructions with their binary and octal codes.

Lists single register instructions, their bytes, cycles, and codes.

Provides a summary of register pair instructions and their binary/octal codes.

Summarizes accumulator rotate instructions with their corresponding codes.

Lists data transfer instructions, their bytes, cycles, and codes.

Summarizes immediate instructions and their associated binary/octal codes.

Lists jump, call, and return instructions with their binary and octal codes.