Needless to say, the illumination used from one exposure
to another must remain the same or else the diaphragm of the
lens must be regulated accordingly. Above all, the camera
must be held steady.
Always keep our little celluloid exposure table handy in case
of need.
Portrait attachments, color filters, vignettes :
To film subjects at smaller distances from the lens than any
provided on the scale, a portrait attachment should be fitted
in front of the lens. These attachments are obtainable for
most lenses. Special attachments can also be obtained for
trick work in which distorted pictures and other comic effects
are required.
Color filters are further accessories which are obtainable
for most lenses, their effect being the filtering of light rays
in order to bring certain parts of the subject (clouds, half
tones, contrasts, distant object, etc.) into relief.
Consult our table of instructions for the use of color filters.
Ordinary fades, super-impositions, lap dissolves :
A fade consists in the introduction or closing of a scene
by means of a progressive appearance or disappearance of
the subject, which is often more pleasing to witness on the
screen than an abrupt change of scene. In a "fade-in " the
screen at first appears dark, and the picture then slowly
becomes clearer until it is normal. In the "fade-out" the
picture disappears gradually on the screen. (These effects
are obtained by under-exposure, the amount of light allowed
to pass through the lens being slowly changed.)
These fades can be obtained by using a "totally closing
iris diaphragm ", sold by most dealers. This iris can be attach-
ed to the front of the lens to form a supplementary diaphragm ;
it is manipulated by means of a loose lever and permits of the
progressive closing down of the diaphragm until complete
darkness is obtained.
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