)
)#
Time (t)
0
-100
Exposed
area
Unexposed
area
Primary
charge
(step 1)
Scanning
exposure
(step 2)
Primary
charge
(step 1)
Transfer
(step 4)
Surface potential (V)
-500
%
&#
$'-
Blade
Stirrer
Developing cylinder
Cylinder
Magnet
DC bias
AC bias
Photo-
sensitive
drum
'