BRUEL & KJAER 4188 - Capacitance; Polarization Voltage

Chapter 4 — Free-field
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" Microphone Type 4190
Capacitance
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Microphone Handbook
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4.7 Capacitance
The microphone’s impedance is determined by its polarized capacitance. In addition,
the preamplifier’s input resistance and capacitance load the microphone. This load-
ing determines the electrical lower limiting frequency and the capacitive input at-
tenuation. However, with modern preamplifiers, this loading is very small and is
included in the preamplifier gain, G (see section 4.2.2). Only in special cases with
high capacitive loading does the fall in capacitance with frequency have to be taken
into account.
Typical capacitance (at 250 Hz):
16pF.
The capacitance is individually calibrated and stated on the calibration chart.
4.8 Polarization Voltage
Generally, a microphone is operated at its nominal polarization voltage. For Free-
field
1
/
2
" Microphone Type 4190, this is 200V. As this polarization voltage is posi-
tive, the output voltage is negative for a positive pressure applied to the dia-
phragm.
In special cases where there is a risk of preamplifer overload or there are long
cables to be driven, choose a lower voltage. This will cause a lower sensitivity (see
Fig.4.20) and a change in the frequency response (see Fig.4.21).
Fig.4.19 Variation of capacitance with polarization voltage and frequency
940601e
250 V
200 V
150 V
28 V
100 1k 10k 100kHz
10
12
14
Capacitance (pF)
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20
Frequency (Hz)