SERVICE TECHNIQUES
A. SERVICE SAFETY
Appropriate service methods and proper repair pro-
cedures are essential for the safe, reliable operation of
all motor vehicles as well as the personal safety of the
individual doing the work. This Shop Manual provides
general directions for accomplishing service and repair
work with tested, effective techniques. Following them
will help assure reliability.
There are numerous variations in procedures, tech-
niques, tools, and parts for servicing vehicles, as well
as in the skill of the individual doing the work. This
Manual cannot possibly anticipate all such variations
and provide advice or cautions as to each. According-
ly, anyone who departs from the instructions provided
in this Manual must first establish that he compromises
neither his personal safety nor the vehicle integrity by
his choice of methods, tools or parts.
B. SERVICE TECHNIQUES
Clean the exterior of all components before carrying out
any form of repair. Dirt and abrasive dust can reduce
the efficient working life of a component and lead to
costly replacement.
Time spent on the preparation and cleanliness of work-
ing surfaces will pay dividends in making the job easier
and safer and will result in overhauled components be-
ing more reliable and efficient in operation.
Use cleaning fluids which are known to be safe. Cer-
tain types of fluid can cause damage to 'O' rings and
cause skin irritation. Use solvents that are suitable for
cleaning components and do not risk the personal safety
of the user.
Replace 'O' rings, seals or gaskets whenever they are
disturbed. Never mix new and old seals or 'O' rings,
regardless of condition. Always lubricate new seals and
'O' rings with hydraulic oil before installation.
When replacing component parts use the correct tool
for the job.
HOSES AND TUBES
Always replace hoses and tubes if the end connections
are damaged.
When installing a new hose loosely connect each end
and make sure the hose takes up the designed position
PRINTED IN U.S.A.
before tightening the connection. Clamps should be
tightened sufficiently to hold the hose without crushing
and to prevent chafing.
The hoses are the arteries of the unit, be sure they are
in good condition when carrying out repairs or
maintenance, otherwise the machine's output and pro-
ductivity will be affected.
After replacing a hose on a moving component make
sure the hose does not foul by moving the component
through its complete range of travel.
Be sure any hose which has been installed is not kinked
or twisted.
Hose connections which are damaged, dented, crushed
or leaking, restrict oil flow and reduce the productivity
of the components being served. Connectors which
show signs of movement from the original swaged posi-
tion have failed, and will ultimately separate completely.
A hose with a chafed outer cover will allow water en-
try. Concealed corrosion of the wire reinforcement will
subsequently occur along the hose length with resul-
tant hose failure.
Ballooning of the hose indicates an internal leakage due
to structural failure. This condition rapidly deteriorates
and total hose failure soon occurs.
Kinked, crushed, stretched or deformed hoses generally
suffer internal structural damage which can result in oil
restriction, a reduction in the speed of operation and
ultimate hose failure.
Free-moving, unsupported hoses must never be allowed
to touch each other or related working surfaces. This
causes chafing which reduces hose life.
BEARINGS
Bearings which are considered suitable for further ser-
vice should be cleaned in a suitable solvent and im-
mersed in clean lubricating oil until required.
Installation of a bearing can be classified in two ways:
press fit on rotating parts such as shafts and gears, and
push fit into static locations such as reduction gear
housings. Where possible, always install the bearing on-
to the rotating component first.
Use the correct tools or a press to install a bearing or
bushing. In the absence of the correct tools or press,
ix
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