Step 1: primary charging
A high-voltage DC bias is applied to the primary charging roller, which is made of conductive rubber
and is in contact with the drum surface. As the roller moves across the drum, it applies the negative
charge to that surface.
Figure 1-10 Primary charging
DC bias
Photosensitive drum
Primary charging roller
Step 2: laser-beam exposure
The laser beam scans the photosensitive drum to neutralize the negative charge on portions of the drum
surface. An electrostatic latent image is formed where the negative charge was neutralized.
Figure 1-11 Laser-beam exposure
Laser beam
Unexposed area Exposed area
Developing stage
The developer roller comes in contact with the photosensitive drum and deposits toner on the
electrostatic latent image.
12 Chapter 1 Theory of operation ENWW
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