10-18
KDFX Reference
KDFX Algorithm Specifications
12 Panaural Room
Room reverberation algorithm
PAUs: 3
The Panaural Room reverberation is implemented using a special network arrangement of many delay 
lines that guarantees colorless sound. The reverberator is inherently stereo with each input injected into 
the "room" at multiple locations. The signals entering the reverberator Þrst pass through a shelving bass 
equalizer with a range of +/-15dB. To shorten the decay time of high frequencies relative to mid 
frequencies, low pass Þlters controlled by HF Damping are distributed throughout the network. Room 
Size scales all the delay times of the network (but not the Pre Dly or Build Time), to change the simulated 
room dimension over a range of 1 to 16m. Decay Time varies the feedback gains to achieve decay times 
from 0.5 to 100 seconds. The Room Size and Decay Time controls are interlocked so that a chosen Decay 
Time will be maintained while Room Size is varied. A two input stereo mixer, controlled by Wet/Dry and 
Out Gain, feeds the output.
Figure 10-4 Simplified block diagram of Panaural Room.
The duration and spacing of the early reßections are inßuenced by Room Size and Build Time, while the 
number and relative loudness of the individual reßections are inßuenced by Build Env. When Build Env is 
near 0 or 100%, fewer reßections are created. The maximum number of important early reßections, 13, is 
achieved at a setting of 50%.
To get control over the growth of reverberation, the left and right inputs each are passed through an 
"injector" that can extend the source before it drives the reverberator. Only when Build Env is set to 0% is 
the reverberator driven in pure stereo by the pure dry signal. For settings of Build Env greater than 0%, the 
reverberator is fed multiple times. Build Env controls the injector so that the reverberation begins abruptly 
(0%), builds immediately to a sustained level (50%), or builds gradually to a maximum (100%). Build Time 
varies the injection length over a range of 0 to 500ms. At a Build Time of 0ms, there is no extension of the 
build time. In this case, the Build Env control adjusts the density of the reverberation, with maximum 
density at a setting of 50%. In addition to the two build controls, there is an overall Pre Dly control that can 
delay the entire reverberation process by up to 500ms.
PreDelay
PreDelay
Reverb
Dry
Dry
Out Gain
L Output
R Output
L Input
R Input
Wet