18
Safety Guidelines
4. What are the results of the research done already?
The๎research๎done๎thus๎far๎has๎produced๎conflicting๎results,๎and๎many๎studies๎have๎
suffered๎from๎flaws๎in๎their๎research๎methods.๎Animal๎experiments๎investigating๎the๎
effects๎of๎radiofrequency๎energy๎(RF)๎exposures๎characteristic๎of๎wireless๎phones๎have๎
yielded๎conflicting๎results๎that๎often๎cannot๎be๎repeated๎in๎other๎laboratories.๎A๎few๎
animal๎studies,๎however,๎have๎suggested๎that๎low๎levels๎of๎RF๎could๎accelerate๎the๎
development๎of๎cancer๎in๎laboratory๎animals.๎However,๎many๎of๎the๎studies๎that๎showed๎
increased๎tumor๎development๎used๎animals๎that๎had๎been๎genetically๎engineered๎or๎
treated๎with๎cancer๎causing๎chemicals๎so๎as๎to๎be๎predisposed๎to๎develop๎cancer๎in๎
the๎absence๎of๎RF๎exposure.๎Other๎studies๎exposed๎the๎animals๎to๎RF๎for๎up๎to๎22๎
hours๎per๎day.๎These๎conditions๎are๎not๎similar๎to๎the๎conditions๎under๎which๎people๎
use๎wireless๎phones,๎so๎we๎donโt๎know๎with๎certainty๎what๎the๎results๎of๎such๎studies๎
mean๎for๎human๎health.๎Three๎large๎epidemiology๎studies๎have๎been๎published๎since๎
December๎2000.๎Between๎them,๎the๎studies๎investigated๎any๎possible๎association๎
between๎the๎use๎of๎wireless๎phones๎and๎primary๎brain๎cancer,๎glioma,๎meningioma,๎or๎
acoustic๎neuroma,๎tumors๎of๎the๎brain๎or๎salivary๎gland,๎leukemia,๎or๎other๎cancers.๎
None๎of๎the๎studies๎demonstrated๎the๎existence๎
of๎an
y๎harmful๎health๎effects๎from๎
wireless๎phone๎RF๎exposures.
However,๎none๎of๎the๎studies๎can๎answer๎questions๎about๎longterm๎exposures,๎since๎
the๎average๎period๎of๎phone๎use๎in๎these๎studies๎was๎around๎three๎years.
5. What research is needed to decide whether RF exposure from wireless
phones poses a health risk?
A๎combination๎of๎laboratory๎studies๎and๎epidemiological๎studies๎of๎people๎actually๎
using๎wireless๎phones๎would๎provide๎some๎of๎the๎data๎that๎are๎needed.๎Lifetime๎animal๎
exposure๎studies๎could๎be๎completed๎in๎a๎few๎years.๎However,๎very๎large๎numbers๎of๎
animals๎would๎be๎needed๎to๎provide๎reliable๎proof๎of๎a๎cancer๎promoting๎effect๎if๎one๎
exists.๎Epidemiological๎studies๎can๎provide๎data๎that๎is๎directly๎applicable๎to๎human๎
populations,๎but๎10๎or๎more๎years๎follow-up๎may๎be๎needed๎to๎provide๎answers๎about๎
some๎health๎effects,๎such๎as๎cancer.
This๎is๎because๎the๎interval๎between๎the๎time๎of๎exposure๎to๎a๎cancer-causing๎agent๎
and๎the๎time๎tumors๎develop๎-๎if๎they๎do๎may๎be๎many,๎many๎years.๎The๎interpretation๎
of๎epidemiological๎studies๎is๎hampered๎by๎difficulties๎in๎measuring๎actual๎RF๎exposure๎