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GeneralOperation
MeasurementProcess:(Datacollectedingreenareas)
ThepowerortheheaterP(t)ischanged fromzerotolevelP.V1andV2areplottedschematically
toshowthecorrespondingchangesofthethermo‐voltages,asthetemperatureoftheworking
junctions change. The green areas show the
time intervals during which readings are taken. The
average value of V1 and V2 for power levels 0 and P are used at the end of every period to
calculatethespecificthermo‐voltageofthe sample. The initialandoperatingtimedelays provide
timeforthesystemtostabilize
thermallybeforetakingthedata.
TheMMRSeebeckSystemallows the temperature of theMMRCold Stage andattachedSeebeck
Stage to be controlled over a wide temperaturerange. One can thus study the temperature
dependence of the specific thermo voltage of the samples by repeating the measurements at a
seriesoftemperatures.TheSeebeckSystemallowsthistobedoneautomatically.
Definitions.
Inthefollowing,varioustermsusedinthisManualandintheoperationoftheSystemaredefined.
1. Measurement point. The set temperature for the Seebeck stage provided by the MMR Cold
Stage. Different measurement
points are used in order to study the temperature dependenceof
thespecificthermo‐voltage.
2. Experiment.The process that includes a sequence of measurement points; starting from the
Initial Temperature and finishing with the Final Temperature. Including data acquisition at every
measurementpoint,calculationandfinalpresentationofthe
results.
3. Initial and Final Temperatur es. These temperatures set the range of the data acquisition
process. If the Initial Temperature is less than the Final Temperature, then the sample will be
heated during data collection. If the Final Temperature is lower, then the sample will be cooled.
The Initial and
Final Temperatures are always displayed during the experiment. The permitted
rangeofthesettings forthesetemperaturesdependsonthetypeofThermalStageused.Referto
thecorrespondingdatasheets.
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