Monitoring Signal Characteristics
R&S
®
SMW200A
604User Manual 1175.6632.02 ─ 30
Using markers
Markers are tools for numerical readout of measured data in diagrams. They help you
analyze the displayed signal characteristics by determining particular values in the dia-
gram.
Often you can use markers to measure the frequency distance of two peaks or to mea-
sure the power decrease of an oscillator at a given frequency offset, dBc value. Note
that markers in the diagram are not related to the markers in the digital standards.
In the graphical display, the markers and their values (for example time or frequency)
are displayed as usual.
Single marker indication Delta marker indication
1 2
3
●
1 = marker position on the x-axis in the current
units
●
2 = marker value on the y-axis
●
3 = marker number
1 2
●
1 = delta marker
●
2 = result of the marker function, i.e. the delta
values in the current units
See also "To enable markers to readout exact measured data" on page 618.
Persistence and color maps
In addition to the standard representation, the vector, the constellation, and the power
spectrum diagrams use a color map.
The color encodes the relative amplitude (in percent) of the probability distribution of
the data points in the diagram. A detailed breakdown of the colors is below diagrams
the colors are relevant for. Data points in areas with high probability are marked in red,
data points in areas with low probability in blue. Thus, for example, you can observe
not only the "level versus frequency" trace but also a third dimension, the probability of
the power level.
Reference trace
Reference traces help you analyze a displayed characteristic, as do the markers. Ref-
erence traces are used to define amplitude curves or spectral distribution boundaries in
the result diagram which are not to be exceeded. They indicate, for example, the upper
power limits which are allowed from a device under test (DUT).
The R&S SMW supports up to five reference traces. You can load reference traces and
activate them simultaneously.
Displaying Baseband Signal Characteristics in Real-Time
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