Measurements
R&S
®
RTE
344User Manual 1326.1032.02 ─ 20
8.2.4 Reference levels
Some measurement require reference levels to obtain the measurement points, e.g.
time measurements or pulse count. Reference levels are referred to the signals, for
each waveform you can define specific reference levels. Thus, for all measurements
on a waveform the same reference levels are used.
Usually, reference levels are determined automatically. The instrument determines the
high and low signal levels based on amplitude and histogram measurements of the
acquisition. The reference levels are set relatively to the determined signal levels.
However, for irregular data and in special measurement setups it may be useful to con-
figure the levels manually:
●
Data signals can contain intervals where no data is transmitted, so that a high and
low state cannot be determined for each acquisition. In this case, you can define
the high and low signal levels manually to evaluate other measurement results.
●
If the signal levels vary strongly or have large overshoots, the rise and fall levels
may be difficult to determine.
●
If fixed levels are defined for the DUT, you can configure the reference levels in the
R&S RTE correspondingly and analyze the resulting measurement data.
In manual configuration, the reference levels can be set relatively to defined signal lev-
els or as absolute values.
The instrument sets a default hysteresis for the middle reference level. Hysteresis is
useful for measurements that determine zero-crossings. Period, frequency, and pulse
measurements are based on hysteresis - the instrument returns results if the amplitude
of the signal exceeds the hysteresis. Thus, measurement during the transient oscilla-
tion is also possible.
Reference levels and result lines can be displayed in the diagram, see "To display ref-
erence levels and result lines" on page 345.
Automatic measurements
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