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APEX Installation, Operating, & Service Instructions
Table 6-8: Fitting and Valve Equivalent Length
Copper Fitting and Sweat Valve Equivalent Length (ft.)
Fitting or Valve
Description
Copper Pipe or Valve Size
1 1¼ 1½ 2
90° Elbow 2.5 3.0 4.0 5.5
45° Elbow 1.0 1.2 1.5 2.0
Tee (through flow) 0.5 0.6 0.8 1.0
Tee (Branch flow) 4.5 5.5 7.0 9.0
Diverter Tee (typical) 23.5 25.0 23.0 23.0
Gate Valve 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.7
Globe Valve 25.0 36.0 46.0 56.0
Angle Valve 5.3 7.8 9.4 12.5
Ball Valve (standard port) 4.3 7.0 6.6 14.0
Ball Valve (full port) 1.9 1.4 2.2 1.3
Swing Check Valve 4.5 5.5 6.5 9.0
Flow-Check Valve (typical) 54.0 74.0 57.0 177.0
Butterfly Valve 2.7 2.0 2.7 4.5
Threaded Fitting and Valve Equivalent Length (ft.)
Fitting or Valve
Description
Black Threaded Pipe or
Valve Size
1 1¼ 1½ 2
90° Elbow 2.6 3.5 4.0 5.2
Long Radius
Elbow (45° or 90°)
1.4 1.8 2.2 2.8
Tee (through flow) 1.8 2.3 2.7 3.5
Tee (Branch flow) 5.3 6.9 8.1 10.0
Close Return Bend 4.4 5.8 6.7 8.6
Gate Valve (full open) 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.4
Globe Valve (full open) 30.0 39.0 46.0 59.0
Angle Valve (full open) 13.0 17.0 20.0 26.0
Swing Check Valve
(full open)
8.7 12.0 13.0 17.0
Flow-Check Valve (typical) 42.0 60.0 63.0 83.0
Table 6-8: Fitting and Valve Equivalent Length
(continued)
NOTE: Table 6-8 is provided as reference to assist in piping design and specifies equivalent length of typical piping
fittings and valves.
6 Water Piping and Trim (continued)
NOTICE:
•
The Apex boiler heat exchanger is made from stainless steel tubular coil having relatively narrow waterways.
Once filled with water, it will be subject to the effects of corrosion. Failure to take the following precautions to
minimize corrosion and heat exchanger waterways overheating could result in severe boiler damage.
•
Before connecting the boiler, ensure the system is free of impurities, grease, sediment, construction dust,
sand, copper dust, flux and any residual boiler water additives. Flush the system thoroughly and repeatedly, if
needed, with clear water mixed with concentrated rinse agent to remove these contaminants completely.
•
Iron oxide (red oxide sludge Fe
2
O
3
) is produced during oxygenation. To minimize any oxygen presence in
the system, the system must be air free and leak tight. Do not connect the boiler to radiant tubing without an
oxygen barrier. Using automatic water refill is not recommended, however, if such refill is employed, a water
meter must be added to evaluate the makeup water volume taken after initial fill and eliminate any water
leakage as early as possible.
•
Maintain the water pressure in the boiler at a minimum of 14.50 psi (100 kPa).
•
The boiler water pH must be within 7.5 < pH < 9.5. If the system contains any aluminum components, pH must
be less than 8.5.
•
Black oxide sludge (magnetite Fe
3
O
4
) forms as the result of continuous electrolytic corrosion in any system not
protected by an inhibitor.
•
Scale deposit is made up of lime scale contained in most distributed water and settles over the warmest
surfaces of boiler heat exchanger causing subsequent overheating and eventual failure. Water hardness must
be maintained within 3 to 9 grain/gal range.
•
Refer to Section 11 “Service and Maintenance” for recommended heating system water treatment products
(corrosion/scale inhibitors, cleaners etc) and their suppliers.
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