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USER’S GUIDE
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6.3 CHARGING PROCEDURES
î Verify that the battery is correctly hooked up to the charger with the positive wire on the positive (+) terminal
and the negative wire on the negative (–) terminal.
î Ensure the charger is set to run the appropriate profile.
î If the charger will not run until it detects battery voltage, be sure that the batteries are turned on.
î Start charging, following the charger manufacturer’s instructions.
î After the charge has completed, the charger may be shut off and disconnected, or if it remains in a
“maintenance mode” within the recommended charging range, it can remain connected to the battery
indefinitely.
6.4 BALANCING
One function of a lithium-ion battery BMS is to maintain balance between each group of cells within the battery.
This allows the battery to deliver full capacity without any cells experiencing an over or under-voltage condition.
Balancing is performed when a parallel group of cells reach a specified threshold voltage corresponding to nearly
100% state of charge (SOC). At that point, the highest-charged cells “bleed down” a small amount to enable the
remaining groups of cells to “catch up.” Balancing may cause small changes in state of charge up to 2%.
Using a charger not designed for use with a lithium-ion battery may result in an imbalance between cells over
time that requires charging maintenance to recover. Recovery of an imbalance condition requires one or more
charging cycles to 100% state of charge using a lithium-ion specific charger or charging algorithm. Failure to do
so may result in a battery lockout condition.
6.5 CHARGING AT TEMPERATURES BELOW 68°F 20°C
Maximum charging currents must be reduced at temperatures below 68°F (20°C). Measures need to be taken
to ensure that charging currents do not exceed the values shown on the product datasheet. As mentioned
previously, charging is prohibited below 32°F (0°C). Charging due to regenerative braking should also be
reduced in environments below 68ºF. Vehicles that use regenerative braking at cold temperatures may force the
battery to shut off if too much current is applied back into the battery.
6.6 CHARGING AT TEMPERATURES ABOVE 113°F 45°C
Maximum charging currents must be reduced at temperatures above 131°F (45°C). Measures need to be taken
to ensure that charging currents do not exceed the values shown on the product datasheet. As mentioned
previously, charging is prohibited above 131°F (55°C). Charging due to regenerative braking should also be
reduced in environments above 113ºF. Vehicles that use regenerative braking at hot temperatures may force the
battery to shut off if too much current is applied back into the battery.
6.7 CHARGING FROM 0% STATE OF CHARGE
If the battery is discharged to 0% state of charge, voltage to the battery terminals will be disabled and the
battery will enter into storage mode. The battery should be recharged as soon as possible. Failure to do so may
render the battery permanently unusable.
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