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supportive and connective tissue
components; it is therefore less turgid,
less trophic and less elastic;
• The muscles which serve as a solid
base on which the skin lies, lose tone,
volume and elasticity; the face’s skin is
no longer so firmly attached to them
and the skin’s underlying supportive
structure is compromised;
• Bones and cartilage decrease in
volume and are partially reabsorbed,
particularly at mouth and nose level,
accentuating the loss of support
already mentioned due to the atrophy
of the facial muscles. Cosmetics
can moisturise and to some extent
smooth the skin, but this is just a
superficial effect; to give a more lifted
and contoured appearance to the
face, work must be done on the deep
structural parts, in other words on the
facial muscles.
There are over thirty facial muscles,
some extremely superficial and
delicate, others deeper and quite large;
Converse to skeletal muscles, head
and neck muscles are referred to as
‘cutaneous’ because at least one of
their extremities is directly inserted in
the skin and hence they directly have
an effect on the turgidity of the skin.
Your facial skin therefore lies on and
is anchored to a structural “carpet’
made up of numerous muscles: their
loss of tone and compactness is the
main cause of loose skin. Managing
to keep sufficient volume and
trophism, particularly at the level of
less-used muscle fibres, will give your
face a more contoured and youthful
appearance and greatly help you
to maintain it. It is well-known that
suitable manual facial exercises or
“facial gymnastics”, used a great deal
by actors for example, keep little-used
muscular fasciae active and develop
others, to prevent a dropping chin line
and the formation of bags or wrinkles
and hence maintain a youthful look.
Manual facial exercises are however
often tricky to learn to do properly and
for that reason require patient training.
Electrical stimulation on the other
hand, due to its motor/stimulant effect,
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