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II Contents

1 GPS Fundamentals......................................................................................................11

1.1 Theoryofoperation............................................................................................................................ 11

1.2 BasicOperationCycle ......................................................................................................................... 12

1.3 Start-Up.............................................................................................................................................. 12

1.4 ConsiderationsforGPSPerformance .................................................................................................. 14

1.4.1 DilutionofPrecision(DOP)........................................................................................................... 14

1.4.2 Multipath .................................................................................................................................... 15

1.5 Antennas............................................................................................................................................ 16

1.5.1 SelectingtherightAntenna......................................................................................................... 16

1.5.2 ActiveandPassiveAntennas........................................................................................................ 17

1.5.3 PatchAntennas ........................................................................................................................... 17

1.5.4 HelixAntennas ............................................................................................................................ 19

1.5.7 HelixorPatch,whichselectionisbest?........................................................................................ 19

1.5.8 AntennaMatching ...................................................................................................................... 20

1.5.9 AntennaPlacement..................................................................................................................... 21

1.6 InterferenceIssues .............................................................................................................................. 22

1.6.1 SourcesofNoise.......................................................................................................................... 22

1.6.2 EliminatingDigitalNoiseSources................................................................................................. 23

1.6.3 Shielding ..................................................................................................................................... 26

1.7 HighSensitivityGPS(SuperSense

GPS) ............................................................................................. 29

1.8 AssistedGPS/A-GPS.......................................................................................................................... 30

1.9 DGPS(DifferentialGPS) ...................................................................................................................... 30

1.10 SBAS(SatelliteBasedAugmentationSystems)..................................................................................... 31

1.11 DeadReckoningenabledGPS(DR) ..................................................................................................... 32

1.11.1 DeadReckoningPrincipal ............................................................................................................ 33

1.11.2 DeadReckoningPerformance...................................................................................................... 33

2 System Consideration ................................................................................................35

2.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................35

2.2 Technology ................................................................................................................................. 36

2.2.1 StandardGPSReceivers............................................................................................................... 36

2.2.2 SuperSense

GPSReceiver ........................................................................................................... 36

2.2.3 PrecisionTimingGPSReceivers.................................................................................................... 36

2.2.4 DRenabledReceivers .................................................................................................................. 36

2.3 ProductCategories ............................................................................................................................. 36

GPSModules-SystemIntegrationManual(SIM)(incl.ReferenceDesign) Contents

GPS.G4-MS4-05007-A1

  Page 5

Brand	u-blox
Model	ANTARIS 4
Category	GPS
Language	English

u-blox ANTARIS 4 User Manual

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