Appendix
Integration (INTG, IINTG)
The first and second order integrated values are derived using the trapezoidal rule.
• Equations for First Order Integration (INTG)
Point x0 I0 = 0
Point x
1 I1 = (f0 + f1)h
Point x
2 I2 = (f0 + f1)h + (f1 + f2)h = I1 + (fI + I2)h
Point x
n In = In-1 + (fn-1 + fn)h
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
• Equations for Second Order Integration (IINTG)
Point x0 II0 = 0
Point x
1 II1 = (I0 + I1)h
Point x
2 II2 = (I0 + I1)h + (I1 + I2)h = II1 + (II + I2)h
Point x
n IIn = IIn-1 + (In-1 + In)h
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
Binary Conversion (BIN)
Binary conversion is performed through the use of the specified threshold levels.
BIN(C1)
1
0
Upper threshold level
Lower threshold level