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air s Viper-100 - User Manual

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Viper‐100™
Viper‐200™
Viper‐400™
Viper‐900™
NarrowbandIPRouter
UserManual
PN0015008000Rev8
RevisedJune2010

Table of Contents

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Summary

Viper Overview

General Description

Provides IP-enabled connectivity for narrowband data transmission for SCADA, telemetry, and industrial applications.

Operational Characteristics

Details frequency range, data rates, power, modes of operation, encryption, and temperature range.

Physical Description

Front Panel

Illustrates and describes the connections and indicators on the front panel of the Viper unit.

LED Panel

Explains the functionality of the five Tri-Color LEDs indicating unit status and activity.

Ethernet LAN Port

Details the RJ-45 Ethernet port, its connection, and pin-out for 10 BaseT.

SETUP and COM Ports

Describes the DE-9F RS-232 ports for setup and serial communications, including pin-out.

Power Connector

Details the right-angle power connector (10-30 VDC) and its pin-out.

Antenna Connector

Describes the TNC female and SMA female antenna connectors and warnings for connection.

Chassis Dimensions

Provides the physical dimensions of the Viper chassis and mounting plate.

Part Numbers and Availability

Viper Radio

Lists various Viper radio models and their corresponding frequency ranges.

Accessories and Options

Lists tested and approved accessories like demo kits, fans, cables, and connectors.

Product Warranty

RMA Request

Documentation and Downloads

System Architecture and Network Planning

Single Coverage Area

Discusses system configurations for networks with a single coverage area, like master/remote.

Master;Remote

Explains Viper network configuration as access points and master/remote roles in SCADA networks.

Point-to-Point

Describes point-to-point networks using Ethernet or serial interfaces in bridge or router modes.

Point-to-Multipoint

Explains point-to-multipoint networks common in SCADA systems with a master and multiple remotes.

Report by Exception

Details report-by-exception systems where remotes send data only on events, with master polling.

Extending the Coverage Area with a Relay Point

Discusses using Relay Points to extend RF coverage across multiple areas and ensure communication.

Understanding RF Path Requirements

Explains radio wave propagation, RSSI, receiver sensitivity, and Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP).

Site Selection and Site Survey

Provides criteria for selecting suitable radio sites, including protection, power, and cabling access.

Site Survey

Explains Site Surveys for RF path studies, signal propagation, and determining optimal locations.

Selecting Antenna and Feedline

Discusses antenna gain, comparison to dipoles, and concentrating energy for better radiation.

Omni Directional Antenna

Recommends omni-directional antennas for master stations and relay points for equal coverage.

Yagi Antenna

Recommends directional Yagi antennas for remote locations to minimize interference.

Vertical Dipoles

Discusses vertical dipoles, often used in pairs or groups for coverage and gain.

Feedline

Emphasizes considering feedline choice and minimizing signal loss with quality coaxial cables.

RF Exposure Compliance Requirements

Details minimum safety distances based on antenna gain to comply with FCC MPE regulations.

Terrain and Signal Strength

Discusses terrain impact on signal strength, line-of-sight requirements, and fade margin.

Radio Interference

Provides guidance on minimizing radio interference through system design and configuration.

IP Forwarding Modes

Explains Bridge mode configuration for simple networks where all devices share the same IP subnet.

Router Mode

Details Router mode for network flexibility, RF diagnostics, and using different IP subnets.

Choosing an IP Addressing Scheme

Bridge Mode

Provides an example of IP addressing for Bridge mode, requiring a common subnet for all units.

Router Mode

Explains IP addressing in Router mode, requiring unique Ethernet IP addresses and a common RF network.

Dataradio Viper Quick Start

Setup and Configuration

Guide to setting up a Viper network for basic unit operation and experimenting with configurations.

Install the Antenna

Instructions for installing the RX/TX antenna for basic operation and stable radio communications.

PC LAN Setup

Steps for configuring the PC's Local Area Connection with specific IP address and subnet mask.

Measure and Connect Primary Power

Details primary power requirements (10-30 VDC) and connection procedures for the Viper unit.

Connect Viper to Programming PC

Instructions for connecting the Viper's Ethernet port to a programming PC using a CAT 5 cable.

Initial Installation Login

Guides through the initial login process using the default IP address and password.

Configure Your Viper Using the Setup Wizard

Step-by-step guide to configuring the Viper using the web interface setup wizard.

Check for Normal Operation

Procedure to verify normal operation by simulating data traffic and pinging network units.

Viper Web Management

Navigating the Network Management System

Explains the structure of the web interface with left frame for navigation and right for display.

Main Menu

Overview of the Viper main menu options for status, setup, security, and maintenance.

Unit Status

Unit Identification and Status

Displays unit identification, software revision, and operational status in the banner.

Local Time

Shows time zone configuration and SNTP server settings.

CWID

Explains Continuous Wave Identification (CWID) for broadcasting FCC call signs.

IP Forwarding Mode

Displays the configured IP forwarding mode (Bridge or Router).

Station relay point

Indicates if the unit is configured as a relay point for extending RF coverage.

Multi-Speed Mode

Shows if the unit is in multi-speed mode (rate-follower or rate-controller).

ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute)

Indicates if the unit operates in ETSI Mode, typically for European or AU/NZ models.

Diagnostics

Local Diagnostics

Accessing diagnostic information via the Unit Status > Diagnostics web page.

Date and time

Displays the current time and date; configurable via SNTP server.

Time since reset

Shows the elapsed time since the unit was last reset.

Modem Firmware Version

Displays the version number of the modem firmware currently running on the unit.

Radio Firmware Version

Displays the version number of the radio firmware currently running on the unit.

RSSI from RF-MAC

Shows Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI) for RF link quality.

DC Input Voltage

Displays the DC input voltage supplied to the Viper unit.

TX Frequency

Shows the current operating transmit frequency for the active channel.

RX Frequency

Displays the current operating receiver frequency for the active channel.

Transmit Power Level

Shows the programmed transmit power level for the active channel.

Transceiver Temperature

Displays the internal transceiver temperature in Celsius or Fahrenheit.

PA Forward Power

Reports the actual measured forward power of the transmitter (normal or fault).

PA Reverse Power

Reports the actual measured reverse power of the transmitter (normal or fault).

Power state

Indicates if the unit is running at full power or reduced power (normal or fault).

Online Diagnostics

Describes enabling and using online diagnostics for remote monitoring and troubleshooting.

Setup (Basic)

General Setup

Configures basic unit settings like Station Name, IP Forwarding Mode, and Relay Point.

IP Settings

Configures Ethernet and RF interface IP addresses, Netmask, DHCP, Gateway, and MTU.

Ethernet Interface

Configures DHCP client, IP address, Netmask, DHCP server, Lease duration, and Gateway.

RF Interface

Configures RF IP address, Netmask, MTU, and RF MAC address for network identification.

Default Gateway

Sets the default gateway for management network access, often the Access Point's RF IP address.

Channel Table

Displays and configures transmit/receive frequencies, power, bandwidth, and data rates.

Serial Ports Setup

Configures the two serial ports (Setup and Com) for CLI, diagnostics, or bridge/terminal server modes.

Basic Settings

Configures serial port settings like speed, data bits, stop bits, parity, DCD, and flow control.

IP Gateway Service

Defines services for serial ports: CLI, Serial/RF Bridge (DOX/RTS/CTS), Online Diagnostics, or Custom.

IP Gateway Transport

Selects transport protocols (TCP/UDP) for serial port communication and explains TCP/UDP behavior.

Local IP Address

Defines how local IP addresses (Ethernet, RF, or 0.0.0.0) are used for receiving and sending.

TCP Keepalive

Configures TCP Keepalive to test connection health and prevent indefinite open connections.

RTS;CTS Mode Settings

Configures RTS/CTS settings like assertion delay, negation delay, and flow control options.

Setup (Advanced)

RF Optimizations

Optimizes RF link performance through MAC advanced settings, RTS threshold, and carrier sense.

MAC Advanced Settings

Configures duplicates detection period, retries, and RTS threshold for reliable communication.

Carrier Sense Level Threshold

Sets the threshold to distinguish valid signals from noise and prevent false carrier detection.

Listen Before Transmit

Enables Listen Before Transmit feature to check RF channel for busy status before sending data.

IP Services

Enables or disables RIPv2 for dynamic IP routing in Router Mode.

IPSD

Enables or disables I/P Services Delivery for local diagnostics and other services.

NAT

Enables or disables Network Address Translation (NAT) for IP address mapping.

SNMP

Enables SNMP agent for network management systems to monitor and manage devices.

MIB

Explains Management Information Base (MIB) for organizing network management data.

Viper MIB Files

Lists the three MIB files bundled with Viper firmware for managing products and TCP/IP.

OID

Explains Object Identifiers (OIDs) used in SNMP to uniquely identify managed objects in a tree structure.

Viewing MIB Files

Guides on viewing SNMP MIB variables hierarchy and properties using a MIB browser.

SNMP Configuration

Guides on accessing and configuring SNMP settings, including agent and trap IP lists.

NAT Overview

Explains NAT's purpose: hiding private IP networks, acting as a firewall, and saving IP address space.

NAT on Viper

Illustrates NAT configuration examples, defining Ethernet or RF interfaces as private.

Ethernet Interface Private

Shows NAT enabled for the Ethernet interface to protect Viper's IP from public network access.

RF Interface Private

Shows NAT enabled for the RF interface, protecting Viper's RF IP from public network access.

User NAT Entries

Allows adding up to three USER IP addresses to be considered private by the NAT configuration.

NAT Port Forwarding

Configures port forwarding to redirect specific public ports to private network IP addresses.

IP Addressing

Configures forwarding of Directed and Limited Broadcast packets.

Broadcast Mode

Configures forwarding of Directed and Limited Broadcast packets.

Multicast Mode

Configures forwarding of Multicast packets and managing the multicast address list.

IP Optimization

Enables RF Acknowledgements in Router Mode to ensure reliable delivery with retries.

Router Mode - RF ACK

Enables RF Acknowledgements in Router Mode to ensure reliable delivery with retries.

Router Mode - OIP Retries

Sets OIP retry limits for handling non-received acknowledgment messages from destination Vipers.

TCP Proxy

Optimizes TCP throughput by managing TCP packets across the Airlink for better performance.

IP Routing (Table;Entries)

Displays active IP routes, including destination network, gateway, and route type.

Routing Table

Displays active IP routes, including destination network, gateway, and route type.

Routing Entries

Allows manual entry or deletion of routes to manage network traffic flow.

Time Source

Configures Simple Network Time Protocol (SNTP) for synchronizing computer clocks.

SNTP

Configures Simple Network Time Protocol (SNTP) for synchronizing computer clocks.

Time Zone

Selects the local time zone for accurate time display and logging.

Alarm Reporting

Configures SNMP traps for forward power deviations from the set transmit power.

Forward Power Alarm & Notification

Configures SNMP traps for forward power deviations from the set transmit power.

Reverse Power Alarm & Notification

Configures SNMP traps for reverse power issues, like antenna disconnection.

PA Power Alarm & Notification

Configures SNMP traps for Power Amplifier (PA) foldback or shutdown states due to temperature.

User Settings

Selects temperature display units: Celsius or Fahrenheit.

Temperature Display

Selects temperature display units: Celsius or Fahrenheit.

Security

User ID and Password

Manages user access by setting up User IDs, old passwords, and new passwords.

Encryption

Enables 128-bit AES encryption and sets encryption pass phrase and key for secure communication.

RADIUS

Introduces RADIUS for centralized authentication, authorization, and accounting for network access.

Overview

Introduces RADIUS for centralized authentication, authorization, and accounting for network access.

User Authentication

Configures user authentication types: local, RADIUS, or combined for HTTP, FTP, and shell.

Device Authentication

Explains device authentication using MAC addresses via RADIUS for VPN tunnels.

VPN

Enables/disables VPN, sets VPN password, master key, operating mode, and filters.

VPN Configuration

Enables/disables VPN, sets VPN password, master key, operating mode, and filters.

VPN Filters

Defines criteria for selecting packets to send through VPN tunnels based on IP and port.

Statistics

Ethernet (LAN)

Reports statistics for the Ethernet interface, including RX/TX packets and bytes.

Serial

Reports statistics for the Serial interface, including RX/TX packets and bytes.

RF

Reports RF interface statistics like OIP sublayer packets and airlink sublayer control/data packets.

Airlink Error Detection

Provides RF link quality information through airlink parameters like success counts and noise detection.

Maintenance

Ping Test

Tests network reachability and packet loss by sending ICMP echo requests.

Unit Configuration Control

Grants access to configuration settings for checkpointing, restoring, and firmware upgrades.

User Configuration Settings

Guides on creating checkpoints, saving, restoring, and exporting user configuration files.

Package Control

Verifies field upgrades of Viper radio modem firmware, checking for success or corruption.

Net Tests

Tests RF link reliability by sending and receiving test packets to identify packet loss.

Net Test Setup

Configures Net Test parameters like destination RF MAC, number of packets, delay, and data pattern.

Net Test Results

Displays Net Test statistics from transmitting and receiving units, including packet counts and RSSI.

RF Tests

Allows users to select and run test tones (Unmodulated, Random Data, Sine Wave) for RF testing.

Feature Options

Lists available add-on features and indicates which features are currently installed in the Viper.

Neighbor Management

User Interface

Provides access to neighbor management options, local status, discovered neighbors, and controls.

Neighbor Discovery (Modes)

Configures neighbor discovery modes (Manual-Scan, Auto-Scan, Disabled) for Viper units.

Manual-SCAN

Default mode; unit is quiet until Force Scan is pressed, then scans for neighbors.

Auto-SCAN

Automatically scans for neighbors and learns about other Viper units in the network.

Disabled

Disables neighbor discovery packets; user can enter static entries manually.

Local Status

Displays operating state of the local discovery module (Ready, Scanning, Saving, Testing, Disabled).

Neighbor Discovery States

Describes the different states of the neighbor discovery module: Ready, Scanning, Saving, Testing, Disabled.

Neighboring Vipers Found

Displays the total number of Vipers discovered by the neighbor discovery process.

Discovery Duration

Indicates the time taken for the Viper unit to complete the neighbor discovery learning process.

Discovered Viper Neighbors

Details on neighboring Vipers: RF MAC Address, IP Address, Discovery Mode.

Information on Neighboring Vipers

Details on neighboring Vipers: RF MAC Address, IP Address, Discovery Mode.

Neighbor Table Entry Type

Explains neighbor entry types: Static, Dynamic, and Locked, and their persistence.

Route to Neighboring Vipers

Shows route information, including Hop Count and Next Hop, to reach neighboring Vipers.

Control Operations

Provides operations like Clear List, Force Scan, Test Connectivity, Add Static Entry, Delete Entry.

Add Static Entry

Guides on adding new static neighbor entries with RF MAC, IP, Hop Count, and Description.

Delete Entry

Allows specifying the RF MAC address of a neighbor entry to be deleted.

Primary and Backup Route Selection

Allows editing primary and backup routes, and toggling between them for network path selection.

Network Status

Displays network status for each RF-MAC address, including ND mode and command status.

Maintenance

Enters RF MAC address to delete a station from the Neighbor Table of all Vipers.

Delete Station

Enters RF MAC address to delete a station from the Neighbor Table of all Vipers.

Replace Station

Enters old and new RF MAC addresses to replace a Viper and update Neighbor Tables.

Change ND mode

Changes the Neighbor Discovery mode for all Vipers to Manual-Scan, Auto-Scan, or Disabled.

Save Configuration

Sends a save configuration command to all Vipers in the network.

Get Status

Sends a 'Get Status' command to all Vipers and displays status on the Network Management page.

Single Station

Allows specifying a single RF MAC address for Viper module commands.

Recommended Neighbor Discovery Modes of Operations

Recommends Auto-Scan for small networks and Manual-Scan for most projects.

Network Optimization

Maximizing TCP;IP Throughput

Addresses potential speed loss and ways to maximize TCP/IP throughput.

Maximizing Throughput with a Weak RF Link

Provides performance optimization adjustments for weak RF links via Setup web pages.

Use Router Mode with RF Acknowledgements Enabled

Recommends Router Mode and RF Acknowledgements for weak RF links for reliability.

Reduce RF Network Bit Rate

Suggests reducing bit rate for better sensitivity and performance in low signal environments.

Increase OIP and MAC Retries Limit

Explains how to increase OIP and MAC retry limits for more reliable links with weak signals.

Upgrading Your Firmware

Upgrade Modem Firmware Procedure

Procedure for upgrading Viper Modem Firmware via FTP, including file transfer and verification.

Upgrade Radio Firmware

Steps to upgrade radio firmware using Telnet and command line interface.

Verify File Integrity

Guides on verifying firmware integrity after upgrade by checking unit status and package control.

Appendix A - Viper Specifications

General

General specifications including model numbers, frequency range, stability, and power source.

Transmitter

Transmitter specifications including frequencies, output power, and duty cycle.

Receiver

Receiver specifications including frequencies, data sensitivity, and adjacent channel rejection.

Modem;Logic

Modem/Logic specifications: selectable data rates, modulation types, and addressing.

Setup and COM Port

Setup and COM port interface details: EIA-232F DCE, data rates, and display LEDs.

Connectors

Details antenna, serial setup, Ethernet RJ-45, and power connectors.

Diagnostics

Lists diagnostic message elements: temperature, voltage, RSSI, power, and packet error rate.

UL Certification

Confirms UL certification for all models when powered by a listed Class 2 source.

Domestic and International Certifications

Lists FCC, IC (DOC), European Union, and Australia/New Zealand certifications by model.

Appendix B - Product Warranty

Appendix C - Definitions

Access Point

Communication hub for LAN users, providing wireless security and range extension.

Airlink

Physical radio frequency connections used for communications between units.

ARP

Address Resolution Protocol maps Internet addresses to physical addresses.

Backbone

The main part of a network connecting systems and handling the bulk of data.

Bandwidth

The transmission capacity of a given device or network.

Browser

Application program providing interface to view and interact with World Wide Web information.

COM Port

RS-232 serial ports of the Viper, configured as DCE to connect to DTE.

Default Gateway

Device forwarding Internet traffic from a local area network.

DCE (Data Communications Equipment)

Designation for modems and equipment designed to connect to DTE.

DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)

Protocol for assigning temporary IP addresses to network computers by 'leasing'.

DNS (Domain Name Server)

Translates domain names into IP addresses.

Domain

A specific name for a network of computers.

DTE (Data Terminal Equipment)

Designation for equipment like terminals, PCs, RTUs, etc., designed to connect to DCE.

Dynamic IP Address

A temporary IP address assigned by a DHCP server.

Ethernet

Network protocol specifying how data is placed on and retrieved from a transmission medium.

Firewall

Programs protecting network resources from users on other networks.

Firmware

The embedded programming code running a networking device.

Fragmentation

Breaking a packet into smaller units when transmitting over a network medium.

FTP (File Transfer Protocol)

Protocol used to transfer files over a TCP/IP network.

Gateway

Device interconnecting networks with different, incompatible communications protocols.

HDX (Half Duplex)

Data transmission occurring in two directions over a single line, one direction at a time.

HTTP (HyperText Transport Protocol)

Protocol used to connect to servers on the World Wide Web.

IPCONFIG

Windows utility displaying IP address information for a particular networking device.

MAC (Media Access Control)

Unique address assigned by a manufacturer to each networking device.

MTU (Maximum Transmission Unit)

Largest TCP/IP packet hardware can carry.

NAT (Network Address Translation)

Translates IP addresses of a local area network to a different IP address for the network.

Network

A series of computers or devices connected for data sharing, storage, and transmission.

Network speed

Bit rate on the RF link between units in a network.

Node

A network junction or connection point, typically a computer or work station.

OIP (Optimized IP)

Compresses TCP and UDP headers, and filters unnecessary data.

OTA (Over the Air)

Standard for Ethernet transmission; digital access of modulated link parameters.

PHY

PHY chip providing interface to Ethernet, defining data rates and transmission parameters.

Ping (Packet Internet Groper)

Internet utility to determine IP address online status.

PLC (Programmable Logic Controller)

Intelligent device for making decisions, gathering info, and controlling other devices.

RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial In User Service)

Protocol for centralized authentication, authorization, and accounting for network access.

RIPv2

Dynamic IP routing protocol based on distance vector algorithm.

Router

A networking device connecting multiple networks.

RS-232

Industry-standard interface for data transfer.

RTU (Remote Terminal Unit)

SCADA device used to gather information or control other devices.

SCADA (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition)

Term for systems gathering data and performing control operations.

SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol)

Protocol used by network management systems to manage and monitor network-attached devices.

SNTP (Simple Network Time Protocol)

Protocol for synchronizing clocks of computer data networks.

Static IP Address

A fixed address assigned to a computer or device connected to a network via a fixed path.

Static Routing

Forwarding data in a network via a fixed path.

Subnet Mask

An Ethernet address code determining network size.

Switch

Device connecting computing devices to host computers, allowing limited ports sharing.

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)

Network protocol for transmitting data requiring recipient acknowledgement.

TCP;IP (Transmission Control Protocol;Internet Protocol)

Set of protocols for network communications.

Telnet

User command and TCP/IP protocol for accessing remote PCs.

TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol)

UDP/IP based file transfer protocol.

Topology

The physical layout of a network.

Transparent

Device capable of transmitting data without regard to special characters, etc.

Terminal Server

Acts as a converter between Ethernet/IP and RS-232 protocols.

UDP (User Datagram Protocol)

Network protocol for transmitting data not requiring recipient acknowledgement.

URL (Universal Resource Locator)

The address of a file located on the Internet.

VPN (Virtual Private Network)

Network for secure connections over insecure networks using VPN tunnels.

air s Viper-100 Specifications

General IconGeneral
Wireless Speed1200 Mbps
Number of LAN Ports4
Number of WAN Ports1
Wireless Standards802.11ac, 802.11n, 802.11g, 802.11b
Maximum Data Rate1200 Mbps
Antennas4 x External Antennas
Ports1 x WAN, 4 x LAN
SecurityWPA, WPA2
Wi-Fi Bands2.4 GHz, 5 GHz
Frequency Band2.4 GHz and 5 GHz