Drive types of stepper motors
There are several modes for driving the stepper motor:
" Shaft drive mode, in this mode we only activate one coil of the stator at a
time, then the next, etc. In this mode, only one coil is activated to move the
rotor to the next step. We switch on the individual coils one by one. When
the second coil is switched on, the first coil is switched off, and so on.
" Full step drive mode, this mode offers a significantly higher torque output
as we always activate two coils at the same time. This mode is explained in
more detail in the picture on the next page.
" Half-step mode, this is used to increase the resolution of the stepper
motor. This mode is the result of combining the two previous modes. Here
we first activate one coil, and at the end of the active state of this coil, we
activate the next one. When the second coil is activated, we switch off the
first coil, and so on. With this mode, we get twice the resolution with the
same design.
" The microstepping mode is the most commonly used mode for
controlling stepper motors today. In this mode, we provide the coils with
variable current in the form of a sine wave. This ensures a smooth
movement of the rotor, reduces the load and at the same time increases the
accuracy of the stepper motor.
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