if the engine firing diminishes in strength, it
is
probable
that the spark plugs have been frosted over. Preheat must
be used
befo~e
another
start
is
attempted.
IMPORTANT
Pumping the throttle may cause raw fuel to
accumulat~
in
~
the intake
air
duct, creatihg a
fire
hazard in the event of
a backfire.
If
this occurs, maintain a cranking action _to
suck flames into the engine.
An outside attendant with a .
fire
extinguisher
is
advised for cold
starts
without
pre-
..
~at.
. · . . .
During cold weather ope.rations,
no
~dication
will be apparent
on
the
oil temperature gage
prior
to take-off
if
outside
air
temperatures
are
very cold. After a suitable warm-up period
(2
to 5 minutes at
1000
RPM),
accelerate the engine several times to higher engine RPM:
If
the· engine
accelerates smoothly
and
the oil
pressure
remains normai and steady, the
aircraft
is
ready for take-off. · · · · · · · -
FLIGHT
OPERATIONS.
. .
·<
Take-off
is
made norm.ally with carbutetor heat off .
..
Avoid ex.cessive
leaning in cruise. - . -. · ·
~
· _ : · · ' -
~
_
Carburetor heat. niay
be
used
to
overcome any
oc
·casional engme
roughness
due
to
ice. · · · ·
When
operating
in
sub-zero temperature, avoid using partial carbii-
retor
heat.
Partial
heat may increase the
c~bureto:r
air
tempe~ature
to
the
32°
to 70°F range; ·where icing is_ critical under certairl :atmospheric
conditions. · ' - :
Refer
to
Section
VII
for cold weather equipment.
HOT
W.
EATHER
OPERAT,ON.
Ref
er
to
the general warm
t~mperature
starting inf ormati9n
~4er
Starting
Engine
in
this section;
Avoid
p-
rolonged
engine
ope~ation
on
the
ground. · · · · ·
\·
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