r
388 The VIC 20
User
Guide
R
Random numbers,
ISO-ISS
"dealing cards", example,
153
defined, lSI
range
of
numbers generated, lSI
RND
function,
113,
378
"seed" number,
lSI
simulating dice, example,
152
READ
statement, 86, 242,
363
REM
statement,
84,
363
Reserved words
defined, 80
list
of,
81
RESTORE
key,
13
RESTORE statement, 88, 364
RETURN
key,
II
RETURN
statement, 98, 364
RIGHT$ function,
114, 119,
377
RND
function.
See
Random
numbers
RUN command, 45,
365
RUN/STOP
key,
12
used to load and
run
a program,
49
Reversed characters
precautions when PRINTing,
177-78
RVS
OFF
(reverse off) key,
12
_
precautions when PRINTing,
177-78
RVS
ON
(reverse on) key,
12
precautions when PRINTing,
177-78
S
SAVE
command, 46, 53, 365
Screen
"background" defined,
172
"border" defined,
172
colors, controlling the, 173-74,333
format,
172-73
how the picture
is
created,
192
Screen display codes
defined,
183
tables, 330-32
Screen memory
changing location
of,
223
contents,
183
defined,
179
layout,
181
location
of,
179
SGN function,
112,
163,
378
SHIFT
key,
\0
SHIFT
LOCK key,
10
SIN function,
113,
379
Sound
animation combined with,
246
attack,
237
"beat" frequency,
239
buzzer, simulating a,
235
decay,
237
fading out, 236-37
frequency tables, 230-32
harmony,
235
memory locations for controlling, 228, 306,
333
music,
241
noise generator, 229, 240
notes, storing and loading, 242, 245-46
notes, POKE values for,
333
"ping-pong" (example), 235-36
pitch control,
228
.
pulsed tones for sound effects,
235
registers, defined,
227
rhythm instrument sounds, 243-44
sustain,
237
tremolo,
238
vibrato,
238
"VIC Organ" (example), 244
volume control, 228, 236-39
SPC
function
104
SQR function,
112,
379
ST variable, 259, 380
STOP statement,
110,
366
STR$ function,
114,
120,
380
Strings,
117-22
concatenating,
118
defined, 64
functions for manipulating,
114
numeric,
119
using
CHR$
to
insert characters in,
128
Subroutine,
see
also GOSUB statement
defined,
96
"nested" subroutines,
99
SYS function,
115,
381
T
TAB function,
104,
381
TAN function,
113,
381
TI.
See
Clock
TI$.
See
Clock
TIME.
See
Clock
TIME$.
See
Clock
Trigonometric functions
deriving those not included in BASIC, 324
U
USR
function,
115,
382
V
VAL function, 114,382
Variables
array variables,
77
defined,
65
names, rules for, 66-67
VERIFY command,
47,
367
VIA chip,
160
VIC chip,
171
memory locations
to
control, 305-08
memory map as "seen"
by,
221-23
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