NOTE
Refer to Engine Oil and
Filter in Chapter Three
for further information
on API, SAE
classifications.
Always use an oil with a classification recommended by the manufacturer, Using
an oil with a different classification can cause engine damage.
Viscosity is an indication of the oil’s thickness. Thin oils have a lower number while
thick oil have a higher number. Engine oils fall into the 5-to50-weight range for single-
grade oils.
Most manufactures recommend multi-grade oil. These oils perform efficiently
across a wide range of operating conditions. Multi-grade oils are identified by a W after
the first number, which indicates the low-temperature viscosity.
Engine oils are most commonly mineral (petroleum) based, but synthetic and
semi-synthetic types are used more frequently. When selecting engine oil, follow the
manufacturer’s recommendation for type, classification and viscosity.
Greases
Grease is lubricating oil with thickening agents added to it. The National
Lubricating Grease Institute (NLGI) grades grease. Grades range from No.000 to No.6,
with No.6 being the thickest. Typical multipurpose grease is NLGI No.2. For specific
applications, manufacturers may recommend water-resistant type grease or one with
an additive such as molybdenum disulfide (MoS2).
Brake fluid
Brake fluid is the hydraulic fluid used to transmit hydraulic pressure (force) to the
wheel brakes. Brake fluid is classified by the Department of Transportation (DOT).
Current designations for brake fluid are DOT 3, DOT 4 and DOT 5, this classification
appears on the fluid container.
Each type of brake fluid has its own definite characteristics. Do not intermix different
types of brake fluid as this may cause brake system failure. DOT 5 brake fluid is
silicone based. DOT 5 is not compatible with other brake fluids may cause brake
system failure. When adding brake fluid, only use the fluid recommended by the
manufacturer.
Brake fluid will damage any plastic, painted or plated surface it contacts. Use
extreme care when working with brake fluid and remove any spills immediately with
soap and water.
Hydraulic brake systems require clean and moisture free brake fluid. Never reuse
brake fluid. Keep containers and reservoirs properly sealed.
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