HP 48G Series - User Guide Manual

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Main Page

Regulatory Information2
Contents5
Organization of the Display15
The Status Area, Annunciators and Messages15
Annunciators16
The Stack17
The Command Line18
Menu Labels18
Organization of the Keyboard18
To Cancel a Shift Key20
Applications and Command Menus20
Cursor Keys21
The Cancel Key22
Menus: Extending the Keyboard22
Working with Menus23
To Display the Previous Menu24
To Select a Function from a Menu24
Entering and Editing Objects25
Keying in Numbers25
Keying in Characters26
To Key in a Single Character27
To Key in Several Characters27
To Lock or Unlock the Lowercase Keyboard28
Keying in Special Characters28
The Four CHARS Screens29
To Use Chars to View or Key in Characters29
Keying in Objects with Delimiters29
To Key in Object Using Delimiters30
To Key in Algebraic Object Using the Command Line30
To Key in Matrix Using the Command Line30
To Key in Vector Using the Command Line31
Using the Command Line31
Accumulating Data in the Command Line31
Selecting Command-Line Entry Modes32
Command Line Operations32
To Change Entry Modes Manually33
Recovering Previous Command Lines34
Viewing and Editing Objects34
Using the Edit Menu36
Using the Stack for Calculations37
To Use One-Argument Command38
To Use Two-Argument Command38
To Enter more than One Argument in the Command Line38
To Use Previous Results39
Manipulating the Stack40
Recalling the Last Arguments41
Restoring the Last Stack42
The Interactive Stack42
Interactive-Stack Operations43
Stack Command Menu47
Using the Modes Application49
Setting the Display Mode50
Setting the Angle Mode51
Setting the Coordinate Mode52
Setting the Beep54
Setting the Clock Display54
Setting the Fraction Mark54
Using System Flags55
Using the Flag Browser55
Using the FLAG Command Submenu56
User Flags57
Modes Submenus57
Modes Operations58
Memory59
HOME: Variables and Directories61
Where to Store Variables62
Using the Variable Browser Application63
Creating New Variables63
Selecting, Editing and Recalling Variables65
Copying, Moving and Purging Variables67
Determining the Size of Variables68
Using Variables: the VAR Menu69
Defining Variables71
Evaluating Variables71
Quoted Variable Names and Formal Variables72
Special Memory Operations74
System Halt74
Memory Reset75
Responding to Low-Memory Conditions76
Input Forms and Choose Lists79
Selecting Fields in Input Forms80
Entering Data in Input Forms81
Selecting Options in Input Forms82
Other Input Form Operations82
When You Finish Entering Data into an Input Form85
Input Form Commands85
To Create an Input Form86
The Equationwriter87
How the Equationwriter Application Is Organized88
Constructing Equations89
Entering Equations89
Controlling Implicit Parentheses92
Equationwriter Examples94
Editing Equations95
Editing with Subexpressions96
Summary of Equationwriter Operations99
How the HP 48 Displays Arrays101
The Matrixwriter101
Entering Arrays102
Editing Arrays105
Matrixwriter Operations105
Summary of Matrixwriter Operations108
Graphic Objects109
The PICTURE Environment110
Using the Picture Editor110
Turning Pixels on and off111
Adding Elements Using the Graphics Environment111
Editing and Erasing a Picture112
Saving and Viewing Graphic Objects114
Graphic Object Coordinates115
Graphic Object Commands116
Unit Objects119
Overview of the Units Application119
Units and Unit Objects119
The Units Catalog Menu120
Creating a Unit Object121
Unit Prefixes122
Converting Units123
Using the UNITS Catalog Menu124
Using CONVERT124
Using UBASE124
Converting Angular Units125
Calculating with Units125
Factoring Unit Expressions127
Using Unit Objects in Algebraics127
Working with Temperature Units128
Converting Temperature Units128
Calculating with Temperature Units129
Creating User-Defined Units132
Additional Commands for Unit Objects132
Using Mathematical Functions133
Built-In Functions and Commands133
Expressing Functions: Algebraic Syntax134
Expressing Functions: Stack Syntax135
Expressions and Equations136
Symbolic Constants136
Controlling How Symbolic Constants Are Evaluated137
Using Built-In Math Functions137
User-Defined Functions138
Creating User-Defined Functions139
Executing User-Defined Function139
Nesting User-Defined Functions140
Functions of Real and Complex Numbers143
Math Functions on the Main Keyboard143
Arithmetic and General Math Functions143
Exponential and Logarithmic Functions144
Trigonometric Functions144
Hyperbolic Functions145
Probability and Test Statistics146
Calculating Test Statistics146
Test Statistics Commands147
Real Number Functions149
Angle Conversion Functions149
Percent Functions151
Other Real-Number Functions151
Displaying Complex Numbers153
Entering Complex Numbers154
Real Calculations with Complex Results155
Other Complex-Number Commands155
Displaying 2D and 3D Vectors157
Entering 2D and 3D Vectors159
Vector Math Commands160
Examples: Calculating with 2D and 3D Vectors161
Fast Fourier Transforms163
Creating and Assembling Matrices165
Disassembling Matrices168
Inserting Rows and Columns169
Extracting Rows and Columns170
Swapping Rows and Columns170
Extracting and Replacing Elements of Matrices171
Characterizing Matrices171
Commands for Characterizing Matrices172
Transforming Matrices174
Calculating with Matrix Elements175
Using Arrays and Array Elements in Algebraic Expressions176
Transforming Complex Matrices177
Matrix Solutions to Systems of Linear Equations178
ILL-Conditions and Singular Matrices180
Determining the Accuracy of a Matrix Solution181
Gaussian Elimination and Elementary Row Operations182
Additional Linear Algebra Topics184
Binary Arithmetic and Number Bases187
Binary Integers and Bases187
Using Boolean Operators190
Manipulating Bits and Bytes190
Date, Time and Fraction Arithmetic193
Calculating with Dates193
Calculating with Times195
Calculating with Fractions197
Creating Lists199
List Processing200
Multiple-Argument Commands with Lists201
Applying a Function or Program to a List202
Applying Function Recursively to a List203
Lst Manipulations204
Sequences205
Solving an Equation for Unknown Variable207
Interpreting Results209
Solving Options211
SOLVR: an Alternative Solving Environment212
Additional Solving Options in SOLVR214
Finding All Roots of a Polynomial216
Solving a System of Linear Equations217
Using the Finance Solver219
Calculating Amortizations225
Solving Differential Equations227
Solving a Standard Initial-Value Problem228
Solving Stiff Initial-Value Problem229
Solving a Vector-Value Differential Equation231
Plotting Solutions to Differential Equations233
Plotting a Phase Plane for Vector-Valued Solution238
Numeric Integration241
Accuracy Factor and the Uncertainty of Numerical Integration246
Symbolic Integration247
Differentiation249
Creating User-Defined Derivatives251
Implicit Differentiation252
Taylor Polynomial Approximation252
Finding Symbolic Solutions to Equations254
Isolating a Single Variable255
Solving Quadratic Equations255
Getting General and Principal Solutions256
Showing Hidden Variables257
Rearranging Symbolic Expressions257
Manipulating Whole Expressions257
Manipulating Subexpressions259
Operations in the Selection Environment260
The Rules Menu - Universal Transformations261
The Rules Menu - Moving Terms262
Making User-Defined Transformations267
Symbolic Integration Patterns270
Statistics and Data Analysis273
Entering Statistical Data273
Editing Statistical Data276
Calculating Single-Variable Statistics278
Generating Frequencies280
Fitting a Model to a Set of Data281
Calculating Summary Statistics283
Using the PAR Reserved Variable284
Using the PLOT Application285
Cursor Coordinates: Standard and TRACE Modes288
Keyboard Operations in the PICTURE Environment289
Using Zoom Operations290
Setting Zoom Defaults291
Selecting a Zoom291
Analyzing Functions293
The Picture FCN Menu294
Understanding PLOT Reserved Variables296
Zpar297
Ppar297
Contents of the PPAR List298
Contents of the VPAR List299
PLOT Tyles301
Function Plots301
Trace Mode303
Polar Plots304
Parametric Plots307
Differential Equation Plots311
Conic Plots311
DEFAULT CONIC Plot Screens312
Truth Plots314
Statistical Plots317
Histogram Plots318
Bar Plots319
Scatter Plots320
Plotting Functions of Two Variables322
Sampling Grid322
Output Grid322
Slopefield Plots325
Wireframe Plots328
Pseudo-Contour Plots330
Y-Slice Plots332
Gridmap Plots334
Parametric Surface Plots335
Labeling and Locating the Axes339
Plotting Programs and User-Defined Functions340
Plotting Range Vs. Display Range341
Saving and Restoring Plots344
Solving a Problem with the Equation Library347
Using the Solver348
Using the Menu Keys349
Browsing in the Equation Library350
Viewing Variables and Selecting Units351
Viewing the Picture351
Using the Multiple-Equation Solver352
Defining a Set of Equations354
Interpreting Results from the Multiple Equation Solver356
Using the Constants Library358
Minehunt Game360
User-Defined Units361
Time Management363
Using the Clock363
Setting Alarms364
Responding to Alarms366
Viewing and Editing Alarms367
Transferring Data between Two HP 48S369
Printing370
Setting up the Printer371
Printing Tasks371
Transferring Data between HP 48 and a Computer375
Using Kermit377
Transferring Variables with Kermit377
Choosing and Using File Names379
Backing up HP 48 Memory380
Sending Kermit Commands381
Using XMODEM382
Using Other Serial Protocols383
Libraries, Ports and Plug-In Cards389
Port Memory and Plug-In Card Slots389
Using Backup Objects391
Backing up All Memory393
Using Libraries394
Installing and Removing Plug-In Cards397
Expanding User Memory with Plug-In RAM Cards403
Programming the HP 48407
The Contents of a Program408
Calculations in a Program410
Structured Programming410
Entering and Executing Programs411
Viewing, Debugging and Editing Programs414
Using Programming Structures416
Conditional Structures416
Loop Structures418
Error Trapping Structures421
Using Local Variables422
Creating Local Variables422
Evaluating Local Names423
Using Local Variables Within Subroutines424
Local Variables and User-Defined Functions424
Exploring the Programs in the EXAMPLES Directory425
Using HP 48S/SX Programs with the HP 48G/GX426
Customizing Menus429
Enhancing Custom Menus431
Customizing the Keyboard432
User Modes433
Assigning and Unassigning User Keys433
Disabling User Keys435
Recalling and Editing User Key Assignments435
Support, Batteries and Service437
Environmental Limits440
When to Replace Batteries440
Changing Batteries441
Testing Calculator Operation445
Self-Test446
Keyboard Test447
Port RAM Test448
IR Loop-Back Test449
Serial Loop-Back Test450
Limited One-Year Warranty451
Error Messages455
Menus465
System Flags467
Table of Units473
Table of Built-In Equations477
Operation Index481
Stack Diagrams for Selected Commands539
Object Type Numbers568
Index579

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