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Intel i486 - User Manual

Intel i486
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Intel i486 Specifications

General IconGeneral
Architecturex86
Cores1
L1 Cache8 KB
Transistors1.2 million
Socket TypeSocket 1, Socket 2, Socket 3
Data Bus Width32-bit
Address Bus Width32-bit
Introduced1989
MicroarchitectureIntel i486
Clock Speed16 MHz to 100 MHz
FPUIntegrated
Voltage5V

Summary

Preface

Timing Diagram Notation

Explains the notation used in timing diagrams for bus cycles.

Data Structure Notation

Describes the notation used for data structures and byte ordering.

Chapter 1 Introduction to the Processor

1.1 Architecture

Details the i486 processor's internal architecture, including its units and bus.

1.1.3 Memory Management

Explains the i486 processor's memory management capabilities, including segmentation and paging.

1.2 System Components

Outlines the key system components that interface with the i486 processor.

1.3 System Architecture

Describes typical system architectures for the i486 processor.

Chapter 2 Internal Architecture

2.1 Instruction Pipelining

Explains the concept and benefits of instruction pipelining in the i486 processor.

2.2 Bus Interface Unit

Details the functions and signals of the i486 bus interface unit.

2.3 Cache Unit

Describes the i486's on-chip cache unit, its organization, and operations.

2.7 Integer (Datapath) Unit

Covers the integer unit responsible for arithmetic and logical operations.

2.10 Paging Unit

Explains the function of the paging unit for virtual memory management.

Chapter 3 Processor Bus

3.1 Overview of the Bus

Provides a general overview of the i486 processor bus and its features.

3.1.4 Memory and IO on the Bus

Discusses memory and I/O access through the processor bus.

3.2 Data Transfers

Details the various types of data transfers supported by the processor bus.

3.3 Bus Control

Covers the bus control signals and their functions.

3.5 Floating-Point Error Control

Explains mechanisms for controlling floating-point errors.

Chapter 4 Performance Considerations

4.1 Introduction

Introduces system performance factors and the i486 processor's role.

4.2 Instruction Execution Performance

Analyzes the instruction execution performance of the i486 CPU.

4.3 Internal Cache Performance Issues

Discusses performance issues related to the i486's on-chip cache.

4.5 External Memory Considerations

Covers important considerations for external memory systems.

4.8 Floating-Point Performance

Analyzes the floating-point performance of the i486 processor.

Chapter 5 Memory Subsystem Design

5.1 Introduction

Introduces the design of the memory subsystem for the i486 CPU.

5.2 Processor and Cache Feature Review

Reviews processor and cache features relevant to memory design.

5.3 Cache Tradeoffs

Discusses various tradeoffs related to cache efficiency.

5.4 Updating Main Memory

Covers mechanisms for updating main memory from the cache.

5.7 Timing Restrictions

Details critical timing restrictions for DRAM operation.

Chapter 6 Cache Subsystem

6.1 Introduction

Introduces the cache subsystem and its importance in system performance.

6.2 Cache Memory

Explains the concept of cache memory and its performance benefits.

6.3 Cache Tradeoffs

Discusses tradeoffs related to cache efficiency and performance.

6.4 Updating Main Memory

Covers methods for updating main memory from the cache.

6.7 Introduction to the 485 Turbocache Module External Cache and the Memory Hierarchy

Introduces the 485Turbocache Module and the memory hierarchy.

Chapter 7 Peripheral Subsystem

7.1 PeripheralProcessor Bus Interface

Discusses the interface between peripherals and the processor bus.

7.1.2 Dynamic Bus Sizing

Explains dynamic bus sizing for peripheral interfaces.

7.2 Basic Peripheral Subsystem

Covers the fundamental aspects of the peripheral subsystem.

7.5 Interfacing to X86 Peripherals

Discusses interfacing the i486 with x86 peripherals.

7.6 i486 Microprocessor System Peripherals

Details various peripherals for the i486 microprocessor system.

Chapter 8 System Design

8.1 Introduction

Introduces fundamental concepts of microprocessor system design.

8.2 Microprocessor Control Subsystem

Discusses the control subsystem for microprocessor operations.

8.10 Bus Arbitration Logic

Explains the logic for bus arbitration in multi-master systems.

8.11 System Bus Interface

Covers the system bus interface, including EISA.

8.12 i486 Processor System Design Example Using the EISA Bus

Provides an example of system design using the EISA bus.

Chapter 9 MULTIBUS II System Interface

9.1 Parallel System Bus (PSB)

Introduces the Parallel System Bus (PSB) for the MULTIBUS II architecture.

9.2 The 82389 Message Passing Coprocessor (MPC)

Details the 82389 Message Passing Coprocessor (MPC) for MULTIBUS II.

9.3 An MPC Interface Example

Provides an example of an MPC interface.

9.4 PSB Interface and Operation Examples

Presents examples of PSB interface and operation.

Chapter 10 Physical Design and System Debugging

10.1 General Design Guidelines

Provides general guidelines for high-speed system physical design.

10.3 High-Frequency Design Considerations

Discusses critical considerations for high-frequency design.

10.3.1 Transmission Line Effects

Explains the effects of transmission lines on signal integrity.

10.3.2 Impedance Mismatch

Covers impedance mismatch issues and their impact.

10.8 Building and Debugging the i486 Microprocessor-Based System

Guides on building and debugging i486 microprocessor-based systems.

Appendix A Introduction to Intel 86 Family Architecture

A.1 Historical Overview

Provides a historical overview of the Intel 86 processor family.

A.2 Processor Bus

Compares processor bus characteristics across Intel processors.

Appendix B PLD Codes and Schematics

B.1 PLD Devices

Introduces Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs) and their applications.

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