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15
Ɋɢɫ. 8 Ɋɢɫ. 9 Ɋɢɫ. 10
ɑɢɫɬɤɚ ɢ ɭɯɨɞ
ɉɟɪɟɞ ɬɟɦ ɤɚɤ ɧɚɱɚɬɶ ɱɢɫɬɤɭ, ɩɨɞɨɠɞɢɬɟ,
ɩɨɤɚ ɩɪɢɛɨɪ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɧɟ ɨɫɬɵɧɟɬ.
Ɉɬɤɥɸɱɢɬɟ ɟɝɨ ɨɬ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ, ɥɢɛɨ,
ɜɵɬɚɳɢɜ ɜɢɥɤɭ ɢɡ ɪɨɡɟɬɤɢ, ɥɢɛɨ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɢɜ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɷɧɟɪɝɢɸ ɜ ɫɟɬɢ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɤɚ.
ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ: ɇɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ ɩɚɪɨɨɱɢɫ-
ɬɢɬɟɥɢ ɞɥɹ ɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɞɭɯɨɜɨɝɨ ɲɤɚɮɚ.
ɗɦɚɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ, ɯɪɨɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɨɤɪɚ-
ɲɟɧɧɵɟ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ ɦɨɣɬɟ ɬɟɩɥɨɣ ɜɨɞɨɣ
ɫ ɦɵɥɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɪɚɡɴɟɞɚɸɳɢɦ
ɠɢɞɤɢɦ ɦɨɸ-
ɳɢɦ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɱɚɫɬɟɣ ɢɡ ɧɟɪɠɚɜɟɸɳɟɣ ɫɬɚɥɢ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɞɚɠɟ ɫɩɟɰɢ-
ɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɱɢɫɬɹɳɢɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɫ ɦɟɬɢɥɨɜɵɦ
ɫɩɢɪɬɨɦ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɚɥɸɦɢɧɢɟɜɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɟɣ ɢɥɢ ɭɝɥɨɜ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ ɜɚɬɭ ɢɥɢ ɦɹɝɤɭɸ ɬɤɚɧɶ, ɨɛɦɚɤ-
ɧɭɜ ɟɟ ɜ ɜɚɡɟɥɢɧ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɦɚɫɥɨ.
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɩɪɨɣɞɢɬɟɫɶ ɩɨ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɹɦ
ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɫ ɦɟɬɢɥɨɜɵɦ ɫɩɢɪɬɨɦ.
ɇɢɤɨɝɞɚ
ɧɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ ɞɥɹ ɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɞɭɯɨ-
ɜɨɝɨ ɲɤɚɮɚ ɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɵɟ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɡɴɟɞɚɸɳɢɟ
ɦɨɸɳɢɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ, ɨɬɛɟɥɢɜɚɬɟɥɢ ɢɥɢ ɤɢɫɥɨ-
ɬɭ.
ɇɟ ɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɣɬɟ ɪɚɡɴɟɞɚɸɳɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɫɨɞɟɪ-
ɠɚɳɢɟ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɭ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɥɢɦɨɧ-
ɧɭɸ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɭ, ɭɤɫɭɫ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.) ɧɚ ɷɦɚɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ,
ɨɤɪɚɲɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɥɢ ɱɚɫɬɹɯ ɢɡ ɧɟɪɠɚɜɟɸɳɟɣ
ɫɬɚɥɢ.
ǿțȭȠȖȓ ȒȐȓȞȤȩ ȒȡȣȜȐȜȑȜ
ȦȘȎȢȎ
Ⱦɥɹ ɨɛɥɟɝɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɞɜɟɪɰɭ
ɞɭɯɨɜɨɝɨ ɲɤɚɮɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɧɹɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ:
1) Ɉɬɤɪɨɣɬɟ ɞɜɟɪɰɭ ɧɚɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɭ ɢ ɫɧɢɦɢɬɟ
ɮɢɤɫɚɬɨɪɵ ɫɬɟɤɥɚ A, ɩɪɨɮɢɥɶ B (ɤɚɤ ɩɨ-
ɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 11) ɢɫɬɟɤɥɨ C, ɤɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚ-
ɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 11 A.
2) ɉɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɨɬɤɪɨɣɬɟ ɞɜɟɪɰɭ ɞɭɯɨɜɨɝɨ
ɲɤɚɮɚ.
3) ɉɨɜɟɪɧɢɬɟ ɞɜɟɪɧɵɟ ɤɪɸɤɢ “A” ɧɚɪɭɠɭ ɞɨ
ɳɟɥɱɤɚ (ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ. 11B).
4) Ɇɟɞɥɟɧɧɨ ɡɚɤɪɵɜɚɣɬɟ ɞɜɟɪɰɭ ɞɭɯɨɜɨɝɨ
ɲɤɚɮɚ
, ɩɨɤɚ ɨɧɚ ɧɟ ɫɨɩɪɢɤɨɫɧɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɤɪɸ-
ɤɚɦɢ “A”, ɭɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶ, ɱɬɨ ɨɧɢ ɩɪɨɱɧɨ ɡɚ-
ɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɩɚɡɚɯ ɞɜɟɪɰɵ ɞɭɯɨɜɨɝɨ ɲɤɚ-
ɮɚ B, ɤɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 11C.
5) Ɉɛɟɢɦɢ ɪɭɤɚɦɢ ɫɥɟɝɤɚ ɬɨɥɤɧɢɬɟ ɞɜɟɪɰɭ
ɞɭɯɨɜɨɝɨ ɲɤɚɮɚ ɜɧɭɬɪɶ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɞɜɟɪɧɵɟ
ɤɪɸɤɢ “C” ɜɵɲɥɢ ɢɡ ɩɚɡɨɜ “D” (ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ.
11D) ɢ ɩɨɬɹɧɢɬɟ ɞɜɟɪɰɭ ɧɚ ɫɟɛɹ, ɩɨɤɚ ɧɟ
ɜɵɬɚɳɢɬɟ ɟɟ ɢɡ
ɞɭɯɨɜɨɝɨ ɲɤɚɮɚ.
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɜɫɬɚɜɶɬɟ ɞɜɟɪɰɭ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɨ,
ɩɨɜɬɨɪɢɜ ɜɵɲɟɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɜ ɨɛ-
ɪɚɬɧɨɦ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ ɢ ɩɨɜɟɪɧɭɜ ɞɜɟɪɧɵɟ ɤɪɸɤɢ
Ⱥ ɜɧɭɬɪɶ ɞɨ ɳɟɥɱɤɚ, ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɱɟɦ ɡɚɤɪɨɟɬɟ
ɞɜɟɪɰɭ ɞɭɯɨɜɨɝɨ ɲɤɚɮɚ (ɪɢɫ. 11E).
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