Amounts of Sample That Can Be Separated
Column Type ID (mm)
Approx.Dead
Volume (mL)*
Typical Flow
Rate (mL)
Typical and
(Max.) Injection
Masses (mg)
Typical and
(Max.) Injection
Volumes (μL)**
Capillary
(Fused Silica)
0.32 0.0075 0.001 - 0.02 0.001 (0.01) 1 (10)
Microbore 1.0 0.07 0.02 - 0.1 0.01 (0.1) 5 (25)
Analytical 4.6 1.5 0.5 - 2.0 0.1 (2.5) 10 (200)
Semi-Prep 10.0 7.3 5.0 - 20 1.0 (25) 50 (1000)
Preparative 20.0 29.2 10 - 200 5.0 (500) 200 (5000)
*The column Dead Volume (Vo) may be estimated from:
Column Dead Volume (mL) = Vo = 0.487 x d
2
x L
Where: L = column length (cm); 15 cm (150 mm) used for calculation.
d = column ID (cm, not mm)
**The maximum allowable Sample Injection Volume (Vi) can be estimated as
follows: Maximum Injection Volume
Where: Vr = the retention volume of the rst peak (mL)
N = number of theoretical plates per column
Tips for Extending Column Lifetime
• Utilize sample preparation techniques such as solid phase extraction
(Strata
®
-X SPE products) or accessories (Phenex
™
Syringe Filters) to
minimize the injection of unwanted contaminants onto your system
and column.
• Use the correct guard column or guard cartridge system (SecurityGuard
™
) to
help remove particulates before they foul your column.
• Do not overload your column. Inject suitable sample concentrations and
volumes.
• Work in the appropriate separation mode for the column. Please see
Column Characteristics chart for typical modes each stationary phase
is used for.
• Store your column in appropriate solvent(s).
• Solvent switch correctly by slowly acclimating the phase from one
miscible solvent to the other at a low ow: 0.1 mL/min for 2.1 mm ID and
0.5 mL/min for 4.6 mm ID.
Column Warranties
Phenomenex HPLC columns are warranted to meet the stated performance
and quality and to be free of defects in material and workmanship. If you are
unsatised for any reason, please give your Phenomenex Technical Representa-
tive a call. We’ll do our best to solve the problem to your satisfaction. Should it
become necessary to return the column, a Return Authorization Number must be
obtained from Phenomenex rst.
Disclaimers
New columns should be tested with the manufacturers recommended test mix,
and previously used columns should be tested with the same or a suitable test
mix for the analysis. Remember to re-equilibrate the system when changing
solvents. Never change from one solvent to another which is immiscible, without
going through an intermediate solvent which is miscible with both. This will dam-
age the column. Never change to (or from) a buffer/salt solution where the buffer/
salt is not soluble in the second solvent. Again this will damage the column.
Never attempt to remove the column end ttings. This will void the warranty.
Column Shock
Handle columns with care. Do not drop or create physical shock. Do not start
pump at high ow rates, instead ramp up gradually over a few minutes. Set your
pump pressure limit to protect the column in event of blockage. This can create
voids which will detrimentally affect the column’s performance.
Column Questions and Support
If you have any additional questions, please reach out to our amazing technical
team through:
Email: support@phxtechnical.zendesk.com
Live Chat: https://www.phenomenex.com/info/page/2015phenomchat
For more information on Gemini UHPLC, HPLC, and Preparative columns,
please visit www.phenomenex.com/Gemini
Trademarks
Phenomenex, Gemini, and Strata are registered trademarks, Phenex and SecurityGuard are
trademarks of Phenomenex.
Gemini is patented by Phenomenex. U.S. Patent Nos. 7,563,367 and 8,658,038 and foreign
counterparts.
SecurityGuard is patented by Phenomenex. U.S. Patent No. 6,162,362
CAUTION: this patent only applies to the analytical-sized guard cartridge holder, and does not apply to SemiPrep,
PREP or ULTRA holders, or to any cartridges.
Strata-X is patented by Phenomenex. U.S. Patent Nos. 7,119,145
© 2017 Phenomenex, Inc. All rights reserved.
Typical Loading Capacities
FL49380117_W
Vr
2√N
=Vi =
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