Gemini HPLC/UHPLC Columns
Tips for Care and Use
Phenomenex products are available worldwide.
www.phenomenex.com/mysupport
QUALITY
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
CERTIFIED BY DNV GL
9001:2008
General Information
Each Gemini column manufactured by Phenomenex is individually prepared and tested. Every column is supplied with a
Certificate of Quality Assurance (CQA) which indicates testing conditions, operating parameters, and column details. The
column details, including specifications and performance test results should be entered into your information management
system for easy tracking and reference. Electronic copies of your column’s quality documentation can also be acquired at:
www.phenomenex.com/mysupport.
Inspection
Upon receipt of column, please verify that the column you received is the one you ordered (i.e. dimensions, particle size, media).
Additionally, please check the column for any physical damage potentially caused during shipment. Test the column immediately to
verify performance and record the result of your test in your column information management system.
Typical Flow Rate, Backpressure, Temperature:
Here are some typical values for common dimensions of Gemini HPLC and UHPLC columns. These numbers are not absolute values
and can differ based on LC system, running parameters and sample analytes/matrix. The values below have been created using a
solvent system of Acetonitrile and Water.
Gemini
Phases
Shipping Solvent
†
Particle
Sizes
(µm)
Pore
Size
(Å)
Surface
Area
(m
2
/g)
Carbon
Load
(%) pH Stability
Reversed
Phase
Normal
Phase HILIC
100%
Aqueous
Stable
C18
Acetonitrile / Water (65:35) 3,5,10 110 375 14 1.0-12.0*
NX-C18
Acetonitrile / Water (75:25) 3,5,10 110 375 14 1.0-12.0*
C6-Phenyl
Acetonitrile / Water (65:35) 3,5 110 375 12 1.0-12.0*
†
Depending on column dimensions, organic to aqueous solvent ratios may vary slightly.
* pH stability under gradient conditions. pH stability is 1.5-10 under isocratic conditions.
Column Characteristics
Particle
Size (µm)
Internal
Diameter (mm)
Typical Flow
(mL/min)
Typical Pressure (PSI)
50 mm** 150 mm** 250 mm**
3 0.3 0.005 500 1000 NA
3 0.5 0.015 700 1400 NA
3 1.0 0.05 800 1000 NA
3 2.0 0.2 650 1550 NA
3 3.0 0.5 950 1900 2700
3 4.6 1 1000 1700 2600
5 2.0 0.2 400 650 850
5 3.0 0.5 550 1100 1550
5 4.6 1 1400 1500 1950
5 10.0 5 1400 1600 1800
5 21.2 20 500 800 1400
5 30.0 40 500 900 1200
10 4.6 1 NA NA 1400
10 10.0 5 NA NA 1400
10 21.2 20 NA 400 500
10 30.0 40 NA 400 600
10 50.0 50 NA 300 300
** Column Length
Typical Flow Rates (Independent of particle size):
i. 1.0 mL/min for 4.6 mm ID
ii. 0.2-0.6 mL/min for 2.1 mm ID
Maximum Backpressure:
iii. > 5,000 psi (345 bar) may compromise column longevity.
Maximum Temperature:
iv. Recommended max temperature for Gemini LC columns is
60°C, however temperature limits are dependent on your
running parameters. Running at a pH greater than 8 at 60°C will
compromise column lifetime.
v. Continuous use of Gemini columns at the maximum
temperature limit may compromise column longevity.
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