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Porsche 944 User Manual

Porsche 944
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Porsche 944 Specifications

General IconGeneral
BrandPorsche
Model944
CategoryEngine
LanguageEnglish

Summary

List of Repair Groups

Engine Systems Procedures

Engine - Cylinder Head, Valve Drive

Details procedures for the engine's cylinder head and valve drive systems.

Engine - Lubrication System

Outlines procedures for the engine's lubrication system maintenance and repair.

Engine - Cooling System

Covers procedures for the engine's cooling system maintenance and repair.

Fuel, Exhaust, and Cruise Control Systems

L-Jetronic Fuel Injection System

Details the L-Jetronic fuel injection system's testing and adjustment procedures.

Vehicle Technical Data

Engine Specifications

Detailed specifications for the engine, including bore, stroke, power, and torque.

Tolerances and Wear Limits

Tolerances and Wear Limits - Cylinder Head and Valves

Tolerances and Wear Limits - Engine Components

Engine Tightening Torques

Engine Tightening Torques (Continued)

Engine Removal and Installation (Manual Transmission)

Initial Engine Removal Steps

Detailed steps for the initial removal of the engine, including disconnecting components and lifting.

Disconnecting Electrical and Fuel Systems

Procedures for disconnecting electrical harnesses, fuel lines, and vacuum hoses.

Engine Removal Steps (Continued)

Disconnecting Air Cleaner and Fuel Lines

Steps for disconnecting the air cleaner assembly and fuel lines.

Engine Removal Steps (Continued)

Disconnecting Starter and Clutch Components

Procedures for disconnecting the starter and clutch slave cylinder.

Disconnecting Coolant Hoses and Radiator

Detailed instructions for disconnecting coolant hoses and removing the radiator.

Removing Front Axle Components

Steps for removing the stabilizer, engine mounts, and front axle cross member.

Final Engine Lowering and Removal

Procedures for lowering and removing the engine from the vehicle.

Engine Installation Procedures

Initial Mounting and Tightening

Initial steps for installing the engine, securing the radiator, and tightening bolts.

Final Checks and Fluid Filling

Final procedures for filling and bleeding the cooling system after engine installation.

Hydraulic Engine Mounts - Removal

Disconnecting Components and Removing Mounts

Procedures for disconnecting battery, splash guard, stabilizers, and shields.

Removing Mounts from Cross Member

Steps to unscrew hydraulic engine mounts from the front axle cross member.

Checking Hydraulic Engine Mounts

Symptoms of Damaged Engine Mounts

Identifies symptoms indicating a defective or damaged engine mount.

Hydraulic Mount Inspection Criteria

Details visual inspection criteria and height measurements for hydraulic engine mounts.

Installing New Hydraulic Engine Mounts

Mounting Procedure and Specifications

Steps for fitting new mounts, bolt usage, and torque specifications.

Polyrib Drive Belt - Alternator/A/C Compressor

Checking Polyrib Belt Tension

Procedure for checking the polyrib belt tension using a special tool.

Adjusting Polyrib Belt Tension

Steps for adjusting the polyrib belt tension for both 5-rib and 6-rib belts.

Balance Shaft Adjustment Check

Balance Shaft Sprocket Alignment

Procedure for aligning balance shaft sprockets with drive belt cover marks.

Power Steering Pump Drive Belt Check and Adjustment

Checking Drive Belt Tightness

Method for checking drive belt tightness using thumb pressure and deflection.

Adjusting Drive Belt Tightness

Steps for adjusting the drive belt tension using mounting bolts and pressure rod.

Balance Shaft Drive Belt Tension Check and Adjustment

Drive Belt Tightness Check (Cold Engine)

Instructions for checking belt tightness on a cold engine, including splash shield and belt cover removal.

Crankshaft and Sprocket Alignment

Steps to align crankshaft and camshaft sprockets with drive belt cover marks.

Balance Shaft Drive Belt Alignment and Tensioning

Checking Sprocket Alignment

Procedure for checking the alignment of balance shaft sprockets with drive belt cover marks.

Drive Belt Tension Measurement

Steps for using a special tool to measure drive belt tension and its specifications.

Balance Shaft Drive Belt Tension Adjustment

Adjusting Tensioner and Idler Pulley

Steps for adjusting the tensioner roller, idler pulley, and final tightening.

Crankshaft and Crankcase Disassembly/Assembly

Crankshaft and Crankcase Disassembly/Assembly (Continued)

Crankcase/Crankshaft Assembly (1985/2 Models)

Crankcase Assembly Notes

Crankshaft Bearing Clearance Check

Checking Radial Clearance

Steps for checking radial clearance, including removing crankcase, oil, placing Plastigage, and measuring.

Checking Axial Clearance

Procedure for checking axial clearance using a special tool and specifying wear limits.

Installing Crankcase Sections

Crankshaft Oil Seal Installation (Flywheel End)

Flywheel Removal and Installation

Pilot Bearing Removal and Installation

Replacing Reference Mark Sensor Stud

Crankshaft TDC Setting (Cylinder No. 1)

Crankcase Halves Alignment

Grooved Ball Bearing Removal and Installation

Piston and Con Rod Disassembly/Assembly

Piston and Con Rod Disassembly/Assembly Details

Pistons - Model 89 Onward

Compensating Shaft Drive Disassembly/Assembly

Compensating Shaft Bearing Housing Sleeve Replacement

Crankcase Upper Section/Balance Shaft Housing Tightening

Bearing Housing Shaft Seal Installation

Balance Shaft Drive Gear Installation

Compensating Shaft Drive Disassembly/Assembly (1985/2 Models)

Compensating Shaft Bearing Bridges Installation Notes

Torquing Procedure: Crankcase Upper Half / Compensating Shaft Cover ('85+ Models)

Torquing Procedure: Upper Crankcase/Compensating Shaft Cover ('87+ Models)

Balance Shaft Drive Gear Installation (Since 1984)

Cylinder Honing and Machining

Honing and Lapping Procedures

Steps for performing honing and lapping, including oil feed and silicium mixture usage.

Machine Setup and Cylinder Machining

Instructions for setting up the machine, adjusting cylinder diameter, and the cylinder machining process.

Camshaft Drive Belt Tension Check and Adjustment

Drive Belt Tightness Checking

Steps for aligning TDC marks and checking belt wear/damage while turning.

Belt Tension Measurement and Adjustment

Using a special tool to measure belt tension and adjusting it if necessary.

Cylinder Head Removal and Installation

Initial Cylinder Head Removal Steps

Initial steps for cylinder head removal, including battery disconnect, coolant drain, and belt removal.

Cylinder Head Removal Steps (Continued)

Disconnecting Belts and Fuel Lines

Steps for relaxing belt tension, removing drive belt cover, and unscrewing fuel lines.

Disconnecting Intake and Exhaust Systems

Steps for unscrewing the intake brace, intake distributor, and exhaust manifold bolts.

Removing Camshaft Housing and Air Cleaner

Procedures for removing aluminum plugs, coolant lines, camshaft housing, and the air cleaner assembly.

Removing Cylinder Head Nuts

Instructions for unscrewing cylinder head nuts, noting the crosswise order.

Cylinder Head Installation Procedures

Gasket Installation and Cylinder Head Mounting

Procedures for installing the cylinder head gasket and mounting the cylinder head.

Camshaft Housing and Belt Installation

Steps for mounting the camshaft housing and installing/adjusting the drive belt.

Cylinder Head Tightening Torque Specifications

Tightening Specs (Model 82 Onward)

Torque specifications for cylinder head bolts for models from 82 onwards, including stages and angles.

Tightening Specs (Model 89 Onward)

Torque specifications for cylinder head bolts for models from 89 onwards, including stages and rotation angles.

Valve Drive Disassembly and Assembly

Valve Drive Disassembly and Assembly Components

Valve Drive Component Details

Valve Train Disassembly/Assembly - Cylinder Head Installation

Cylinder Head Tightening Sequence and Torque

Details the tightening sequence (3 steps) and torque for cylinder head nuts, with notes on washer reuse.

Cylinder Head Mating Surface Machining

Checking Cylinder Head Distortion

Method for checking head distortion with a feeler gauge and straight edge, and permissible limits.

Cylinder Head Grinding and Wear Limits

Guidance on grinding the sealing surface and notes on wear limits and gasket thickness.

Valve Guides Replacement Procedure

Head Preparation and Guide Removal

Steps for cleaning the head, grinding guides, and pressing them out using special tools.

Measuring Bores and Guide Correction

Procedures for measuring cylinder head bores and correcting valve guides.

Valve Guides Replacement and Sizing

Service Valve Guide Grinding and Press Fit

Steps for grinding service valve guides and the required press fit for intake and exhaust guides.

Valve Guide Correction with Broach

Procedure for correcting valve guides to the specified size using a broach.

Valve Guides Reaming and Valve Seat Machining

Valve Guide Reaming Procedure

Steps for reaming valve guides, including lubrication and checking the bore.

Valve Seat Machining Requirement

Notes that valve seat inserts must also be machined after valve guide replacement.

Valve Springs Removal, Installation, and Checking

Valve Dimensions and Stem Seal Replacement

Valve Stem Seal Replacement Procedure

Steps for removing valve stem seals with a special tool and installing new ones using a pressure pad.

Valve Seat Machining and Guide Checking

Valve Seat Machining Criteria

Notes on checking dimension "A" before refacing and the wear limit for valve seats.

Valve Guide Checking Procedure

Steps for checking valve guides using a cleaning reamer, new valve, and dial gauge.

Camshaft Housing Valve Drive Disassembly/Assembly

Camshaft Housing Component List

Camshaft Housing Component Details

Camshaft Housing Component Details (Continued)

Camshaft Bearing Cover Shaft Seal Installation

Camshaft Drive Disassembly and Assembly

Camshaft Drive Component List

Camshaft Drive Assembly - Housing Installation

Adjusting Camshaft Belt with Mechanical Tensioner

Camshaft Belt Tension Check

Procedure for turning crankshaft to TDC and checking belt tension on a cold engine.

Belt Tension Adjustment Procedure

Steps for undoing nuts and screws, and adjusting belt tension.

Camshaft Belt Tension Adjustment (Continued)

Tensioning Roller Mobility Check

Checking the mobility of the tensioning roller lever and tightening nuts.

Engine Oil and Filter Replacement

Engine Oil and Filter Replacement (Continued)

Engine Oil and Filter Replacement Steps

Procedures for draining oil, removing the filter, and replacing the seal.

Lubricating System Components Removal and Installation

Lubricating System Components Removal and Installation (Continued)

Lubricating System Components Removal and Installation (Continued)

Oil Pump Assembly and Seal Installation

Procedures for installing the oil pump assembly, including shaft seals and plugs with torque.

Removing and Installing Parts of Lubricating System

Disassembling and Assembling Oil Pump

Disassembling and Assembling Oil Pump (Continued)

Shaft Seal and Toothed Sleeve Installation

Instructions for replacing shaft seals, installing toothed sleeve, and using a tool for driving.

Housing Insert and Rotor Installation

Procedures for applying Loctite to housing insert, lubricating rotors, and installing oil pump housing.

Removing and Installing Bushing for Oil Pressure Relief Valve

Tightening Procedures for Oil Pan Mounting Bolts

Checking Oil Pressure

Oil Pressure Transmitter Installation

Steps for installing the oil pressure transmitter with a new seal and specified torque.

Engine Temperature and Pressure Checks

Procedures for running the engine to operating temperature and checking oil pressure at idle and 4000 rpm.

Oil Check Valve Removal and Installation

Cleaning Main Oil Duct in Crankcase

Removing and Installing Pressure Reducing Valve

Coolant Replacement and Bleeding

Coolant Replacement and Bleeding (New Bleeder Adapter)

Coolant Draining and Drain Plug Installation

Steps for draining coolant and installing drain plugs with torque values.

Coolant Filling and Bleeding Procedure

Instructions for adding coolant, running engine, and checking/correcting coolant level.

Thermostat Check and Cooling System Leak Check

Cooling System Parts Removal and Installation

Cooling System Parts Removal and Installation ('87 Models Onward)

Radiator Removal and Installation

Radiator Removal Steps

Instructions for removing radiator, including expansion tank cap, air cleaner, splash guard, and coolant drain.

Fan Housing and Coolant Hose Disconnection

Steps for removing the fan housing, disconnecting coolant hoses, and ATF hoses for automatic transmissions.

Radiator Removal and Installation (Continued)

Radiator Installation and Bleeding

Steps for installing the radiator in rubber mounts, installing clamps, and pouring coolant.

Temperature Switch Removal and Installation

Temperature Switch Removal Steps

Procedures for removing the temperature switch, including air cleaner and fan housing removal.

Temperature Switch Installation Torques

Specifies installation torques for temperature switches with plastic and brass threads.

Temperature Switch Checking Procedure

Cooling System Cleaning After Oil Contamination

Cooling System Cleaning Procedure

Steps for cleaning the system using cleaning agent and water, including draining and warm-up.

Rinsing and Filling Cooling System

Procedures for rinsing with water until clear and filling the system with coolant and antifreeze.

Fuel Filter Replacement

Fuel Filter Replacement Steps

Procedures for pinching fuel lines, removing the old filter, and installing the new one.

Checking Fuel Pump Delivery Rate

Fuel Pump Delivery Rate Test Setup

Steps for setting up the test, including disconnecting hoses and relays, and bridging terminals.

Fuel Pump Operation and Volume Measurement

Procedure for running the fuel pump and measuring fuel volume in a measuring glass.

Fuel Pump Removal and Installation

Fuel Pump Removal Steps

Procedures for removing the fuel pump, including disconnecting battery, cover, hoses, and pipes.

Fuel Pump Installation Steps

Instructions for installing the fuel pump, using new seals, and checking for leaks.

Fuel Tank Removal and Installation

Fuel Tank Removal Steps (Initial)

Initial steps for fuel tank removal, including battery disconnect, fuel draw-out, and exhaust flange removal.

Fuel Tank Removal Steps (Continued)

Further steps for fuel tank removal, including muffler shield, fuel pump cover, and transmission removal.

Fuel Tank Removal and Installation (Continued)

Fuel Tank Trim and Hose Removal

Steps for removing trunk floor cover, fuel level transmitter cover, and fuel filler neck hoses.

Fuel Tank Installation Preparation

Ensuring perfect hose connections and routing before installing the fuel tank.

Fuel Tank Removal and Installation (Continued)

Fuel Expansion Tank Removal and Installation (Since July, 1983)

Fuel Expansion Tank Removal Steps

Procedures for removing the expansion tank, including disconnecting battery, trim panels, and hoses.

Fuel Expansion Tank Installation Steps

Instructions for checking hose seating, sealing the filler neck cover, and installing the expansion tank.

Fuel Level Sender Removal and Installation

Fuel Level Sender Removal Steps

Procedures for removing the sender, including floor covering, panel, hoses, and electrical connections.

Fuel Level Sender Installation Steps

Instructions for installing the sender with a new seal, coating the nut, and tightening to specified torque.

Air Filter Cartridge Replacement

Air Filter Cartridge Replacement Steps

Procedures for removing the housing cover, filter cartridge, and cleaning the housing.

Testing and Adjusting Specifications

Electric Fuel Pump and Fuel Pressure Specs

Specifications for electric fuel pump delivery rate, fuel pressure, and leak test.

Idle Speed and CO Adjustment Specs

Specifications for idle speed (rpm) and CO content for various regions and vehicle types.

Idle Setting and CO Content Specifications

Specifications for idle setting, idle speed, CO content, and HC value.

Testing and Adjusting Specifications (Models 85/2 and 924 S)

Fuel Pump and Idle Speed Control Specs

Specifications for fuel pump delivery rate, fuel pressure, and idle speed control value.

Idle Speed and CO Adjustment Specs (85/2+)

Specifications for idle speed and CO content for models from 85/2, with catalytic converter notes.

Checking Fuel Pressure

Fuel Pressure Test Connections

Steps for connecting the pressure tester, bridging terminals, and checking fuel pump operation.

Fuel Pressure Control Values

Specifies control values for engine stopped and engine running at idle speed.

Adjusting Idle Speed/CO - USA

Correcting CO Setting on Air Flow Sensor - USA

CO Level Check and Air Flow Sensor Adjustment

Procedure for checking CO level and correcting it by adjusting the air flow sensor.

Correcting CO Setting on Air Flow Sensor - USA (Continued)

Air Flow Sensor Removal and Plug Drilling

Steps for removing the air flow sensor and drilling a plug for mixture adjustment.

Fuel Injectors Removal and Installation

Installing Fuel Injectors

Injector Seal Lubrication and Pressing

Steps for applying oil to the lower seal and pressing injectors into the intake manifold.

Removing and Installing Air Flow Sensor

Air Flow Sensor Removal Steps

Procedures for removing the sensor, including loosening hose clamps and unscrewing mounting screws.

Air Flow Sensor Installation

Steps for cleaning threads, coating with Loctite, and tightening screws for the air flow sensor.

Fuel Injectors Removal and Installation (Continued)

Adjusting Idle Speed

Idle Speed and CO Level Adjustment

Steps for adjusting idle speed and CO level using a throttle housing screw.

Adjusting Idle Speed (Continued)

Throttle Control Screw Adjustment

Procedure for turning the control screw on the throttle housing to achieve specified engine speed.

Adjusting Idle Speed - USA and Catalytic Converter Cars

Idle Speed Adjustment Requirements

Conditions for adjusting idle speed, including engine condition and ambient temperature.

Exhaust Testing Line and CO Tester Connection

Steps for connecting the exhaust testing line and CO tester.

Adjusting Idle Speed - USA and Catalytic Converter Cars (Continued)

CO Level Specification and Adjustment

CO level specification and adjustment on the air flow sensor if limits are not met.

Idle Speed and CO Adjustment with Test Equipment

Steps for connecting CO tester, tachometer, and bridging plugs for idle speed adjustment.

Adjusting Idle Speed and CO

Checking Exhaust System Flange Tightness

Exhaust Pipe or Primary Muffler / Catalytic Converter Replacement (Continued)

Automatic Cruise Control (Tempostat)

Control Unit Removal and Installation

Control Unit Removal Steps

Procedures for removing the control unit, including switching off ignition and removing circlips.

Disconnecting Control Unit Plugs

Steps for pulling off multiple pin plugs after slightly pulling out the control unit.

Steering Column Switch Removal Steps

Steps for removing the steering column switch, including battery disconnect and cover removal.

Cruise Control Switch (Steering Column Switch) Removal and Installation

Steering Column Switch Casing and Plug Disconnection

Steps for unscrewing casing screws, pulling off the plug, and disconnecting the instrument panel plug.

Drive Removal and Installation

Drive Removal Steps

Procedures for removing the drive, including switching off ignition and disconnecting plugs.

Cable Disconnection and Mount Removal

Steps for pressing off cable retaining clips, unscrewing nuts, and removing mounts.

Cruise Control Cable Removal and Installation

Cable Disconnection from Levers

Steps for pressing off cables from operating and control levers and disconnecting them.

Cruise Control Cable Adjustment

Cruise Control Troubleshooting

Multiple-Pin Plug Testing (Control Unit)

Multiple-Pin Plugs Testing (Cruise Control Drive)

Clutch Switch Removal and Installation

Removing and Installing Alternator (with Air Conditioning)

Dangers on Electronic Ignition Systems

Distributor Cap Removal and Installation

Replacing Spark Plugs

Speed and Reference Mark Sensors Removal and Installation

Speed and Reference Mark Sensors Adjustment

Troubleshooting DME

Troubleshooting DME (Test Points)

Troubleshooting DME (Test Points Continued)

Troubleshooting DME (Test Points Continued)

Testing Lambda Sensor Operation

Testing DEE Control Unit and Lambda Sensor

Removing and Installing DEE Control Unit

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