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Robinson R44 User Manual

Robinson R44
222 pages
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Table of Contents

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Robinson R44 Specifications

General IconGeneral
BrandRobinson
ModelR44
CategoryToy
LanguageEnglish

Summary

Section 1 General

Introduction to R44 Helicopter

Overview of the R44 helicopter's operating manual content and purpose.

Cautions and Notes

Explanation of how caution and note indicators are used in the manual.

Three-View of R44 Helicopter

Diagrams showing the three-view dimensions of the R44 helicopter.

Descriptive Data

Detailed specifications and data for the main rotor, tail rotor, and drive system.

Performance Definitions

Definitions of key performance parameters like KIAS, KCAS, KTAS, Vne, Vy, Vh, and altitudes.

Weight and Balance Definitions

Definitions for terms related to weight and balance calculations.

Conversion Tables

Tables for converting between metric and English units.

Section 2 Limitations

General Limitations

Includes operating limitations, instrument markings, and placards for safe operation.

Color Code for Instrument Markings

Defines the color coding used for instrument markings.

Airspeed Limits

Specifies never-exceed and additional airspeed limitations for the R44.

Rotor Speed Limits

Details tachometer readings and actual RPM limits for rotor speed.

Powerplant Limitations

Defines operating limitations for the engine, including temperature and pressure.

Weight Limits

Specifies the maximum and minimum gross weights and per-seat weight limits.

Center of Gravity (CG) Limits

Provides CG limits and reference datum information.

Flight and Maneuver Limitations

Prohibits aerobatic flight, low-G pushovers, and specifies operating altitudes.

Kinds of Operation Limitations

Defines approved VFR day and night operations and requirements.

Fuel Limitations

Lists approved fuel grades and fuel capacities for main and auxiliary tanks.

Instrument Markings

Details the markings and ranges for various aircraft instruments.

Placards

Shows required placards for critical flight information.

Section 3 Emergency Procedures

Definitions for Emergency Procedures

Defines terms like 'Land Immediately' and 'Land as soon as practical'.

Power Failure - General

General guidance for responding to a power failure.

Power Failure Above 500 Feet AGL

Specific steps for handling a power failure at higher altitudes.

Power Failure Between 8 Feet and 500 Feet AGL

Procedures for power failure in the lower altitude range.

Power Failure Below 8 Feet AGL

Immediate actions for a power failure at very low altitudes.

Maximum Glide Distance Configuration

Recommended airspeed and rotor RPM for maximum glide distance.

Minimum Rate of Descent Configuration

Recommended airspeed and rotor RPM for minimum rate of descent.

Air Restart Procedure

Steps for attempting an engine restart in flight.

Emergency Water Landing - Power Off

Procedures for an emergency landing on water with power off.

Emergency Water Landing - Power On

Procedures for an emergency landing on water with power on.

Loss of Tail Rotor Thrust During Forward Flight

Actions to take when experiencing loss of tail rotor thrust in forward flight.

Loss of Tail Rotor Thrust During Hover

Actions to take when experiencing loss of tail rotor thrust during hover.

Engine Fire During Start on Ground

Procedure for handling an engine fire during startup.

Fire in Flight

Steps to take if an engine fire occurs in flight.

Electrical Fire in Flight

Procedure for handling an electrical fire during flight.

Tachometer Failure

Guidance for dealing with a tachometer malfunction.

Cyclic Trim Failure

Actions to take if the automatic cyclic trim system fails.

Hydraulic System Failure

Procedure for handling a failure of the hydraulic system.

Governor Failure

Steps to take if the engine RPM governor malfunctions.

Warning and Caution Lights

Explanation of various warning and caution lights and their meanings.

Low RPM Horn & Caution Light

Indicates rotor RPM may be below safe limits and how to restore it.

Section 4 Normal Procedures

Recommended Airspeeds

Recommended airspeeds for takeoff, climb, cruise, and autorotation.

Daily or Preflight Checks

Comprehensive checklist for preflight inspection of the helicopter.

Before Starting Engine

Pre-engine start checks and procedures.

Starting Engine and Run-Up

Step-by-step guide for starting the engine and performing run-up.

Takeoff Procedure

Detailed procedure for taking off the helicopter.

Cruise Operations

Guidance for normal cruise flight, including carb heat and airspeeds.

Doors-Off Operation

Specific procedures and limitations for flying with doors removed.

Practice Autorotation - Power Recovery

Steps for practicing autorotations with a focus on power recovery.

Practice Autorotation - With Ground Contact

Guidance for practicing autorotations with ground contact.

Hydraulics-Off Training

Procedures for simulating and practicing hydraulics-off flight.

Use of Carburetor Heat

Instructions on when and how to use carburetor heat.

Use of Carb Heat Assist

Guidance on using the R44's carburetor heat assist system.

Approach and Landing

Detailed procedure for approaching and landing the helicopter.

Shutdown Procedure

Step-by-step guide for safely shutting down the helicopter.

Noise Abatement

Techniques for minimizing noise irritation during operation.

Section 5 Performance

General Performance Information

General notes on performance data and hover controllability.

Demonstrated Operating Temperature

Information on the demonstrated operating temperature range for satisfactory engine cooling.

Airspeed Calibration Curve

Graph showing the relationship between calibrated and indicated airspeed.

Density Altitude Chart

Chart for determining density altitude based on pressure altitude and temperature.

IGE Hover Ceiling Vs. Gross Weight

Chart relating In-Ground-Effect hover ceiling to gross weight.

OGE Hover Ceiling Vs. Gross Weight

Chart relating Out-of-Ground-Effect hover ceiling to gross weight.

Height-Velocity Diagram

Diagram showing safe operating limits for height and velocity.

Noise Characteristics

Information on the sound exposure level (SEL) of the R44.

Section 6 Weight and Balance

General Weight and Balance

Ensures helicopter is flown within weight and balance limits for safe operation.

Weight and Balance Record

Guidance on maintaining a continuous record of helicopter weight and balance.

Loading Instructions

Instructions and common item weights for calculating loaded helicopter weight and CG.

Section 7 Systems Description

General Systems Overview

Basic description of the R44's construction and primary systems.

Rotor Systems

Description of main and tail rotor systems, including blade construction.

Drive System

Details on the vee-belt drive system, clutch, and gearbox.

Powerplant Description

Information on the Lycoming O-540 engine and induction system.

Flight Controls

Description of cyclic, collective, and pedal controls and their operation.

Removable Flight Controls

Procedures for removing and installing pilot and co-pilot controls.

RPM Governor

Explanation of the governor's function in maintaining engine RPM.

Hydraulic System

Description of the hydraulic system for flight controls and its components.

Automatic Cyclic Trim

Information on the automatic electric trim system for flight controls.

Control Friction Adjustment

How to adjust friction devices for cyclic and collective controls.

Engine Controls

Description of twist-grip throttle, mixture control, and carb heat controls.

Clutch Actuator

Explanation of the electric actuator for the clutch engagement.

Fuel System

Description of the gravity-flow fuel system, tanks, and gauges.

Electrical System

Overview of the 14-volt DC electrical system, battery, and alternator.

Lighting System

Details on anti-collision, position, instrument, and landing lights.

Instrument Panel

Description of standard and optional instruments on the panel.

Audio System

Information on the intercom and audio system controls.

Optional Avionics

General information on available optional avionics.

Pitot-Static System

Description of the pitot-static system and its relation to flight instruments.

Dual Tachometer

Explanation of the engine and rotor dual tachometer system.

Warning and Caution Lights

Details on various warning and caution lights and their indicators.

Cabin Heating and Ventilation

Description of cabin heating, ventilation, and air controls.

Seats, Belts, and Baggage

Information on seating, restraint systems, and baggage compartments.

Landing Gear

Description of the skid-type landing gear and its components.

Rotor Brake

Procedure for engaging and disengaging the rotor brake.

Engine Primer System (Optional)

Instructions for using the optional engine primer for cold starts.

Carbon Monoxide Detector

Description of the CO detector and actions for activation.

Emergency Locator Transmitter (Optional)

Operation and installation of the optional Emergency Locator Transmitter (ELT).

Optional Accessory Mounts

Provisions for mounting portable items and power outlets.

Section 8 Handling and Maintenance

General Handling and Maintenance

Overview of recommended procedures for handling, servicing, and maintaining the R44.

Required Documents

List of mandatory documents to be carried in the aircraft.

Required Inspections

Details on annual and 100-hour inspections and life-limited components.

Preventive Maintenance by the Pilot

List of maintenance functions pilots are permitted to perform.

Alterations to Aircraft

Warning against unauthorized modifications and their hazards.

Ground Handling

Procedures for leveling, hoisting, jacking, and maneuvering the helicopter on the ground.

Parking

Steps for parking the helicopter, including rotor alignment and brake application.

Cabin Doors

Procedures for removing and installing cabin doors.

Engine Oil

Recommended oil quantity, change intervals, and oil change procedure.

Tail Rotor Gearbox Oil

Procedure for checking and adding oil to the tail rotor gearbox.

Hydraulic Fluid

Procedure for checking and adding hydraulic fluid.

Fuel

Guidance on checking fuel for contamination and approved grades.

Battery

Information on battery location, condition, and charging procedures.

Cleaning Helicopter

Procedures for cleaning exterior surfaces, windshields, upholstery, and carpets.

Section 9 Supplements

Optional Equipment Supplements

Information on optional equipment like searchlights, floats, and avionics.

Peak Beam Searchlight Supplement

Supplement for operating the R44 with a peak beam searchlight installed.

Fixed Floats Supplement

Supplement detailing operation and limitations with fixed-float landing gear.

Heated Pitot Supplement

Supplement for operating the R44 with a heated pitot system.

Police Version Supplement

Supplement for R44 helicopters configured for police operations.

E.N.G. Version Supplement

Supplement for R44 helicopters equipped for Electronic News Gathering (ENG).

Garmin GPSMAP 225 Supplement

Supplement for the Garmin GPSMAP 225 navigation system.

Pop-Out Floats Supplement

Supplement for operating the R44 with pop-out float landing gear.

ADS-B Equipment Supplement

Information on Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) equipment.

Non-U.S. Supplements

Contains additional information required by certain countries.

Section 10 Safety Tips

Safety Notices

List of safety notices issued by Robinson Helicopter Company regarding accidents and incidents.

Safety Tips for Helicopter Operation

Suggestions for pilots to operate the helicopter more safely.

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