Introduction
In this chapter, you and your students will learn how to modify trigonometric
functions by constants. If you multiply sine or cosine by a constant A, then
every value of the function is multiplied by A. The maximum absolute value of
the sine or cosine function is 1. Therefore, Asin θ and Acos θ will have a
maximum value of |A|. The value of |A| is called the amplitude of the functions
y = Asin x and y = Acos x, and is the distance sine and cosine rises and falls
above the x-axis. Multiplication of the function by A will stretch or shrink the
curve vertically. |A| > 1 will stretch the curve while an |A| between 0 and 1
will shrink the curve. The tangent function does not have an amplitude because
tangent increases without bound as θ approaches values such as .
If we multiply the argument θ by a constant k within a trigonometric function,
then every measure of an angle θ is multiplied by k. Multiplication of θ will
stretch or shrink the curve horizontally. A value of k > 1 will shrink the curve
while a value of k between 0 and 1 will stretch the curve. The stretching and
shrinking of a curve horizontally effects the function's period. The new periods
will be for sine, cosine, secant and cosecant, and for tangent and cotangent.
14 Amplitude, Period, and Phase Shift/TRIGONOMETRY USING THE SHARP EL-9600
AMPLITUDE, PERIOD,
AND PHASE SHIFT
Chapter four
π
2
2
π
k
π
k