Exposure: White/Gray card
A really useful item, that you can purchase cheaply at a camera shop, is a white/gray card.
It is a 90 percent white card and 18 percent (middle gray) gray card.
The white side reflects 90 % of the light hitting it and the gray card only reflects 18 %.
Both sides can be used for setting exposure and the white side for white balance.
The gray side provides the camera with a neutral low contrast subject for an accurate exposure reading.
The 18 percent gray card
appears in the middle (roughly at
value 50) of the waveform
monitor when exposed. This is
because our sensitivity to light is
logarithmic.
Different LUTs or Scenes will
demand different exposures.