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7.4.4 Static Force: Found in the deadweight of machines, static force applies pressure
downward on soil surfaces. As a result, soil particles compress in the topsoil layer.
7.4.5 Vibratory Force: This force is engine-driven, creating a downward force, in addition to
the machine's static weight. Vibrations compress the soil material closer together to
increase density.
7.4.6 Types of Compaction: There are four types of compaction that can be applied to soils
or asphalt. Each one takes place using one of the two types of the forces explained above
(static or vibratory).
1. Vibration: Periodic motion of particles with rotating weight in opposite directions
from a position of equilibrium.
2. Impact: An action of one object coming into contact with another.
3. Kneading: Force is applied by alternating movement in adjacent positions.
4. Pressure: The process of continuous physical force against solid materials.
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