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2424
WATERS CORPORATION 2424 - User Manual
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2424 Evaporative Light
Scattering Detector
Operator
’
s Guide
71500121802/Revis
ion B
Copyright © W
aters Corporation 2006
−
2009
All right
s reserved
2
Table of Contents
Main Page
Copyright Notice
2
Trademarks
2
Customer Comments
3
Contacting Waters
4
Safety Considerations
4
Safety Advisories
5
Operating this Instrument
5
Applicable Symbols
5
Audience and Purpose
5
Intended Use of the 2424 ELS Detector
5
Calibrating
6
Quality-Control
6
EC Authorized Representative
7
Table of Contents
9
2424 ELS Detector Optics Principles
16
Principles of Evaporative Light Scattering Detection
16
Overview
16
Capabilities
16
ELS Detection Process
16
Detection
18
ELS Detection Limitations
20
Detector Description
21
Signal Processing and Noise Calculations
22
Calibrating the Photomultiplier Tube (PMT)
22
Filtering Noise
22
Electronics and Data Acquisition
23
Nebulizer
23
Optics Bench
23
Temperature Control
24
Startup Diagnostics
25
Lamp Energy and Performance
26
References
27
Setting up the Detector
31
Introduction
32
Before You Begin
32
Unpacking and Inspecting
33
Selecting a Site Within a Laboratory
33
Site Selection Requirements
34
Detector Dimensions
35
Power Requirements
36
Gas Requirements
37
Making the Gas Supply Connection
37
Venting the Exhaust Hose
38
Connecting to the Electricity Source
41
Installing the Nebulizer Assembly
42
Connecting the Siphon Drain Tubing
44
Routing the Siphon Drain Tubing down the Front of the Detector
44
Routing the Siphon Drain Tubing to the Rear of the Detector
45
Connecting the Drip Tray
48
Required Materials
48
Connecting the Nebulization Gas to the Nebulizer
49
Connecting a Column or Second Detector
49
Required Materials
49
Making Signal Connections
50
Connecting the Ethernet Cable
52
Network Installation Guidelines
53
Connecting to Other Instruments
55
Connecting the Waters Column Heater Module
63
Operating the Detector
65
Starting up the Detector
66
Initializing the Detector
66
Using the Display
68
Detector Home and Message Screen Icons
69
Using the Keypad
71
Navigating the User Interface
77
Navigating to and from the Home Screen
77
Preparing to Start a Run
79
Primary and Secondary Functions
79
Setting up a Run
81
Setting the Nebulizer and Drift Tube Temperature
82
Setting the Gain and Gas Pressure
83
Setting the Column Heater Module Temperature
85
Resetting the Stop Flow Output Switch
85
Operating the Trace and Scale Functions
86
Setting the Data Rate
88
Setting the Filter Time Constant
88
Setting the Switch Output
89
Setting the Analog Signal Output
89
Setting Auto Zero Options
89
Configuring the Detector
90
Configuring Event Inputs
91
Configuring Stop Flow Output
92
Setting Pulse Periods
92
Selecting the Type of Nebulizer
93
Setting the Display Contrast
93
Displaying System Information
94
Using Help
94
Operating the Detector
94
Standalone Operation
95
Auto-Optimizing Gain and LSU-FS
95
Programming Methods and Events
98
Overview of Methods
98
Programming Timed Events
99
Programming Threshold Events
101
Storing a Method
102
Retrieving a Method
103
Viewing Events Within a Method
103
Resetting a Method
103
Clearing Events
104
Conserving Lamp Life
105
Changing Chromatographic Conditions
107
Shutting down the Detector
108
Periodic Maintenance
109
Maintaining the Detector
112
Contacting Waters Technical Service
112
Maintenance Considerations
112
Safety and Handling
112
Spare Parts
113
Replacing the Lamp Cartridge
113
Replacing the Nebulizer
116
Cleaning the Nebulizer Ultrasonically
119
Cleaning the Drift Tube
122
Servicing the Vapor Trap
123
Replacing Fuses
124
Cleaning the Instrument's Exterior
125
Error Messages
128
Startup Error Messages
128
Operational Error Messages
128
User-Selectable Diagnostic Functions
128
Overview
128
Sticky Diagnostics" Tests
130
Running Diagnostic Tests
131
Running the Auto Gain Diagnostic Function
131
Input and Output Diagnostic Functions
132
Lamp, Display, and Keypad Diagnostic Functions
134
Gas and Temperature Control Diagnostic Functions
136
Sample and Reference Energy Diagnostic Function
138
Generate Test Peaks Diagnostic Function
139
General Troubleshooting
139
Power Surges
139
Detector Troubleshooting
140
Power-On Confidence Check Error Messages
142
Operational Error Messages
143
Chromatography Troubleshooting
147
Abnormal Baseline
148
Erratic or Incorrect Retention Times
153
Optimizing Detection and Preparing Solvents
160
Optimizing Detector Performance
160
Optimizing the Mobile Phase
160
Sample Pretreatment
160
Column Treatment
160
Selecting a Solvent
160
Solvent Degassing
165
Solvent Degassing Methods
165
Solvent Degassing Considerations
166
Optimization Protocol
167
Nebulizer Gas Pressure
167
Nebulizer Temperature
167
Drift Tube Temperature
168
Selecting the Optimum Temperature
168
A Safety Advisories
170
Warning Symbols
170
Task-Specific Hazard Warnings
170
Specific Warnings
171
Caution Symbol
173
Warnings that Apply to All Waters Instruments
173
Electrical and Handling Symbols
180
Electrical Symbols
180
Handling Symbols
181
B Specifications
183
2424 ELS Detector Specifications
183
Index
187
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WATERS CORPORATION 2424 Specifications
General
Brand
WATERS CORPORATION
Model
2424
Category
Security Sensors
Language
English
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