Apple Apple-1 - Using the System Monitor; Apple-1 Monitor Commands and Usage

I
SECTION II
USING
THE SYSTEM
MONITOR|
The
Hex Monitor
is a
PROM program in
locations
FF00toFFFF (hex) which
uses
the key-
board
and display to
perform
the front
panel
func-
tions
of
examining
memory,
and running programs
.
The
monitor
program
is entered by hitting
(RESET),
which
displays
backslash
-
return.
A
backslash
alone
(cursor
remains on
same line
as
backslash)
indicates
bad page RAM.
Commands are
typed on a "line-at-a-time"
basis
with
editing. Each
line
may
consist
of any
number of
commands
(up to 1
28 characters)
.
None
are executed
until
(RETURN) is
typed.
The
(SHIFT-0)
(backarrow)
backspaces
and echos
an
underline.
The (ESC)
cnacels
a line and echos
backslash-return.
One
or
more hexadecimal digits
(0-9,
A-F)
are used for
address
and data values.
Addresses
use the
four
least
significant digits of
a
group,
and
data values, the two
least
significant digits. The
following examples
illustrate the
variety
of ac-
ceptable
commands:
1.
Opening
a
location (examining the contents
of
a single address).
USER
TYPES/ 4F (RET)
MONITOR
TYPES/
004F: 0F
(contents
of
4F)
2.
Examining a
block;
from the last examined
location,
to
a specified one.
USER TYPES/
.
5A (RET)
MONITOR TYPES/
$$50:
00
01 02 03 04 05
06
07
0058:
08
09
0A
Note:
4F
is
still
considered the most
recently
opened
location.
3.
Combining examples 1
and
2
to
print
a
block of
memory
in
a single
command.
USER
TYPES/ 4F.
5A (RET)
MONITOR TYPES/
0050:
00
01 02 03
04
05
06 07
0058:
08
09
0A
Note:
Only the
first
location
of
the block
(4F)
is
considered
"opened".
Note:
6.
Note:
9.
56 is
considered
the most recently
"opened"
location. The "b"
is
a
blank
or
comma,
and
is
a
delimiter
for separation
purposes
only.
A
string
of delimiters has
the same
effect
as
a
single
one (bbb is as effective
as b).
Examining
several blocks of
memory
at
once.
USER
TYPES/
4F. 52 b 56 b 58.
5A
(RET)
MONITOR TYPES/ 004F
0050
0056
0058
0F
00
01 02
06
08
09
0A
Note:
58 is considered the most recently
"opened"
location. Refer to
example
2.
Examining
successive blocks.
USER TYPES/ 4F. 52
(RET)
MONITOR TYPES/
USER TYPES/
MONITOR
TYPES/
USER TYPES/
MONITOR
TYPES/
004F:
0F
0050: 00
01 02
. 55
(RET)
0053: 03
04
05
.
5A (RET)
0056:
06
07
0058: 08
09
0A
Depositing
data in a single
location.
USER
TYPES/ 30:
A0 (RET)
MONITOR TYPES/
0030:
FF
(prior
contents)
Location
30
is
considered
opened
and
now
contains
30.
Depositing
data
in successive
locations
from that last
used
in
a deposit
command.
USER
TYPES/ :
Al
b
A2
b
A3
b
A4
b
A5
(RET)
(This
deposits
Al in location
31,
A2 in
32,
and
so
on.
)
Combining
examples
7
and
8
in a
single
command.
USER
TYPES/
30:
A0
b
Al b
A2
b
A3
b
A4
b
A5 (RET)
MONITOR TYPES/
0030;
FF
(prior contents of
location
30)
Examining several
once.
USER
TYPES/
MONITOR TYPES/
individual
locations
at
4F b
52 b
56
(RET)
004F:
0F
0052:
02
0056:
06
10. Depositing
data in
successive
locations
with
separate
commands.
USER
TYPES/
MONITOR
TYPES/
USER TYPES/
USER
TYPES/
30:
A0
b
Al
(RET)
0030:
FF
:A2
b
A3 (RET)
:A4
b
A5
(RET)
NOTE:
Capital letters
enclosed
in
parenthesis
represent
single keystrokes.
Example: (RET)
means
hit the
"return" key.
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