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and do not require electrical components. Most include some type of
replaceable cartridge, that contains the copper, silver or zinc materials.
24 - Biguanide: The generic name for a non-chlorine, non-bromine,
sanitizer that utilizes the polymer PHMB (polyhexamethylene bigu-
anide). It is used to totally eliminate the use of chlorine or bromine.
25 - Biofilm: A slippery coating of microorganisms that can develop in
poorly sanitized pools and spas.
26 - Brominator: Feeding devices used to introduce bromine into
pools or spas. Most automatic types can be plumbed in line. Others
are simple floating varieties. All are intended to make the application of
bromine easier and more consistent.
27 - Calcium Carbonate: Crystalline deposits (scale) that can form on
all under water surfaces, if the water is excessively high in calcium hard-
ness. High pH and high total alkalinity can worsen the problem.
28 - Oxidation: The chemical reaction by which organic matter is
“burned” or destroyed, by the action of chlorine, bromine, ozone, hy-
drogen peroxide or non-chlorine shock. Oxidation may cause miner-
als such as iron, manganese and copper to form discoloring stains and
precipitates, if not treated properly.
29 - Ozonator: A device for producing Ozone (O3), by either a UV (ul-
traviolet) light source or by electrical arcing (corona discharge). Used
for oxidizing and sanitizing purposes in both pools and spas.
30 - Ozone (O3): Typically produced by an Ozonator installed in a pool
or spa. Ozone (O3) is a form of oxygen (O2) and is a powerful oxidizing
agent. It is used to destroy organic waste and by products and help in
the control of algae and bacteria. Ozone is not a stand alone sanitizer
and requires the supplementation of chlorine, bromine, minerals, or ion-
ization.
31 - Soft Water: Water that is low in calcium and magnesium hardness.
Such water can prove to be corrosive to masonry surfaces and under-
water metal parts. The calcium hardness level can be raised, to the
optimum range of 150-200 PPM, by the addition of appropriate amounts
of a calcium hardness increaser (calcium hardness).
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