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Details limited warranties for Baker/SKF brand products and disclaimers regarding product use.
States that other trademarks and service marks belong to their respective owners.
Provides general and specific safety precautions for operating and servicing personnel.
Defines Danger, Warning, and Caution terms used in safety notices.
Highlights critical safety warnings regarding electrical shock and hazardous operations.
Instructions for cleaning the unit using a damp cloth, avoiding submergence in liquids.
Provides information on obtaining technical support and locating authorized service centers.
Explains how to connect and use accessories like the footswitch and optional safety lights.
States that there are currently no intermittent operation limits for the AWA unit.
Details the acceptable operating positions and ventilation requirements for the unit.
Lists the items to be removed from the shipping boxes, including the unit, power cord, and manual.
Specifies the unit's intended use in environments with non-conductive pollution and condensation.
Details the unit's power needs, including voltage, frequency, current draw, and fuse type.
Outlines operating temperature, altitude, and humidity limits for the tester.
Details the functions of each button, port, and indicator on the instrument's front panel.
Adjusts the up/down positioning of the surge wave pattern for optimal display.
Adjusts the side-to-side positioning of the surge wave pattern for display.
Selects the type of test: Surge, HiPot, resistance, AT101, or auxiliary/power pack testing.
Adjusts sweep rate for surge display, controlling zoom on the wave pattern.
Illuminates when voltage is applied during a test.
Activates high voltage output for surge or HiPot tests; must be held during test.
Configures test leads for Surge, HiPot, or grounding connections.
Allows hands-free operation of the tester via a connected footswitch.
Insulated test leads provided for contacting windings, rated to 40 kV.
Two sets of leads with current and sense wires for resistance measurements.
Explains the screen display elements: menu bar, message area, wave pattern display, and setting indicators.
Covers ventilation, stacking objects, moisture, and dirt precautions for unit operation.
Details the self-check process, screen visibility, ground detection, and troubleshooting contacts.
Explains how the footswitch enables hands-free operation, aiding in tasks like rotor spinning.
Suggests a specific order of tests: Resistance, Meg-ohm, HiPot, and Surge.
Checks for resistance imbalance between phases and discrepancies with nameplate values.
Measures insulation resistance using a test voltage based on motor operating voltage.
Explains the DA test as a short-duration PI test, useful for motors 50-200 HP.
Details the PI test for measuring insulator polarization ability, used for motors >= 200 HP.
Applies a higher test voltage to detect ground wall insulation damage via leakage currents.
Detects turn-to-turn shorts by observing waveform jumps as test voltage increases.
Provides formulas and tables for recommended HiPot and Surge test voltages.
Lists relevant industry standards for testing rotating electrical apparatus.
The Baker D12R, D6R, and D3R are digital winding testers manufactured by Baker Instrument Company, an SKF Group Company. These instruments are designed for the detection of weak insulation within electric motors by trained professionals. They perform a series of tests including Coil Resistance, Megohm, Dielectric Absorption (DA), Polarization Index (PI), DC HiPot, and Surge tests. The device is intended for indoor use in Installation Category II (Portable Equipment) areas and Pollution Degree II Environments.
The D12R, D6R, D3R testers are capable of performing comprehensive diagnostic tests on electric motor windings to assess insulation integrity. The recommended testing sequence, in order of increasing rigor, is: Resistance test, Megohm test, HiPot test, and finally Surge test.
1. Coil Resistance Test: This test identifies resistance imbalances between phases, discrepancies between measured resistance values, previous measurements, and nameplate values. Problems such as hard shorts to the motor's core, hard shorts between coils (within or between phases), incorrect gauge wire, or loose/corroded connections can be detected. Further HiPot or Surge testing is not recommended until resistance measurements are acceptable.
2. Megohm Test: A megohm test uses a test voltage based on the motor's operating voltage and relevant standards to measure insulation resistance. Unusually low megohm values compared to previous measurements or industry limits indicate ground wall insulation damage. Potential issues include burned/damaged slot liner or enamel wire insulation, contamination (dirt, carbon dust, water), bad coil connections, or incorrect insulation. Further testing is halted until the cause of low megohm readings is identified and corrected.
3. Dielectric Absorption (DA) Test: The DA test is a short-duration PI test, primarily for smaller motors (approximately 50 to 200 horsepower) or larger motors with insulation that does not easily polarize. It calculates the ratio of ground wall insulation resistance (IR) at 3 minutes to the IR value at 30 seconds. While no accepted values exist for DA, trending the value over time can be useful.
4. Polarization Index (PI) Test: The PI test quantifies an insulator's ability to polarize. It involves applying HVDC and measuring insulation resistance at 1 minute and 10 minutes. The PI value is calculated as IR(10 min) / IR(1 min). Good insulators typically show a high PI. IEEE 43-2000 recommends minimum acceptable values for various thermal classes of motor insulation. However, newer insulating materials (e.g., inverter grade wires, epoxy resins) may not readily polarize. If the one-minute insulation resistance exceeds 5000 Mohms, the PI measurement may not be meaningful.
5. DC HiPot Test: This test applies a substantially higher DC test voltage than the Megohm test, based on motor operating voltage and standards. It identifies unusually high leakage currents, or currents that are unstable or intermittently fluctuate, indicating damaged ground wall insulation. Inspection of slot liners, wedges, and conductors is recommended if issues are found.
6. Surge Test: A Surge test is performed on each phase of the motor using an appropriate test voltage. It detects turn-to-turn shorts, which appear as a jump to the left of the surge waveform pattern as the test voltage increases. If a jump is observed, the motor should be inspected for damaged insulation between adjacent conductors. The absence of a jump indicates a reduced likelihood of motor failure due to insulation failure.
General| Brand | Baker Instrument Company |
|---|---|
| Model | D12R |
| Category | Test Equipment |
| Language | English |
