2. GENERAL DESCRIPTION AND TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS
OF TRACTORS
Tractors Belarus are designed to perform
a variety of farm jobs, in combination
with different mounted, semi-mounted
and trailer-type machinery and imple-
ments.
Besides, tractors can be assigned to ful-
fill heavy-duty works when ganged up
with earthmoving, shovel dredging, load-
ing, post-hole digging implements; also,
they can be used on transport missions
and for driving various stationary farm
outfits.
Tractor Belarus 82Р is designed for an all-
round mechanization of growing rice and
rotation of companion crops.
All the technical facilities to be used in
combination with Belarus tractors should
be agreed with the Production Associa-
tion «Minsk Tractor Works» (PA MTW).
2.1. TRACTOR DESIGN AND CON-
STRUCTION IN BRIEF
Wheeled tractors Belarus 80.1 (see
Fig. 1), Belarus 80.2, Belarus 82.1
(рис. 2), and Belarus 82.2 are multi-
purpose agricultural machines, Class 1,4
tf (14 kN). These tractors differ from one
another by the type of running gear: Bel-
arus 80.1/80.2 – with one driving axle,
Belarus 82.1/82.2 – with two driving ax-
les. The tractors are of a semi-frame
construction. Their skeleton consists of a
semi-frame, housings of the clutch,
change-speed gearbox and rear axle.
The diesel-engine forepart is fastened on
the front beam, while its aft-part is rigidly
connected to the transmission clutch
housing.
Index .2 means a modernized version of
the respective model, wherein one or
several updated assemblies or units are
installed, for example:
• the front driving axle with planet-and-
spur reducing gearboxes (on tractors
Belarus–82.2);
• bonnet, cab roof, cab mudguards of a
modified design (on tractors Belarus
80.2/82.2).
Tractor Power Train incorporates a clutch,
superreducer and speed gearbox, rear axle
with automatic differential lock-up, and rear
P.T.O. shaft with two-speed independent
and synchronized drives. Tractors with two
driving axles are equipped with a front driv-
ing axle (FDA) and drives — a transfer box,
intermediate and front universaljoint shafts,
and an intermediate bearing.
The Tractor Steering Control can be of
hydromechanical type (with a HSB body)
or hydrostatic steering control type, with a
metering pump (HSCU). The hydrome-
chanical control outfit consists of a worm,
quadrant and the hydraulic steering
booster (HSB). The hydrostatic steering
control unit (HSCU) incorporates a
gerotor-type metering pump which is in-
stalled in the steering column on the front
cab wall, diesel-engine driven feed gear-
pump, a hydraulic cylinder located in the
steering trapezoid of the front driving axle
(tractors Belarus 82.1/82.2) or tractor fore
(non driving) axle (Belarus 80.1/80.2).
The HSCU is fed with oil from the hydrau-
lic hitch linkage system tank.
Tractors with installed HSCU unit feature
a hydraulic drive of the rear-axle differen-
tial lock-up unit, whose control cock is
located under the slanted footboard of the
cab. Locking action is effected by press-
ing the pedal located to the left of the
service brake pedals.
The FDA Drive is effected from the speed-
change GB to ensure synchronized rotation
of the front and rear wheels in any gear se-
lected. The front driving axle is pivoted to
the fore beam, thus, ensuring its free rolling
motions. Provision is made for stepless ad-
justment of the front (for tractors equipped
with a HSB) and rear wheels track. To im-
plove tyre traction performance, as well as
tractor steerability, additional counter-
weights can be mounted on the fore-beam
totaling to 220 or 510 кг.
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