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VII. Troubleshooting Guide
A. GENERAL INFORMATION ON TROUBLESHOOTING:
1. Burning speed:
The velocity at which flame travels through an air-gas mixture. Burning speeds vary with types
of gases, and the amount of air mixed with the gas. This air to gas ratio is very important in
that it is directly related to flame stability.
2. Products of Combustion:
Carbon dioxide and water vapor is formed in burning plus the nitrogen in the reactants that
entered with the combustion air.
3. Flue products:
The combination of combustion and excess air leaving the combustion area. Since water is
produced as a vapor in the burning of gas it is also present in flue products. If the flue products
and vent system remain hot enough this vapor is harmlessly discharged. If not, the vapor can
reach the dew point and condense into water which can accumulate in the system.
4. Incomplete combustion:
A poorly vented appliance restricts flow of air into an appliance. Lack of ventilation around an
appliance may lower oxygen content in the surrounding air. This can be a result of spillage of
combustion products into the room as well. These conditions can cause incomplete combustion
and poor performance of an appliance. Adequate, but not excessive ventilation is a must and
cannot be over emphasized.
5. Primary air:
That air which is mixed with gas before the gas leaves the burner port to burn. Ideal burning
condition generally is 10 cubic feet of air per cubic foot of gas.
6. Secondary air:
The remaining air needed for complete combustion besides primary air. This is the air
surrounding the flames.
7. Flame stability:
Primary air, burning speed, port size and port depth are several factors affecting flame stability.
Flames on a burner tend to stabilize at a point where flow velocity out and burning speed back
are equal. This balance of flow velocities and burning speed explain why flames change when
primary air or gas rate is adjusted.
8. B.T.U.:
British Thermal Units is the heat energy produced when burning a fuel gas. One BTU of heat
will raise the temperature of one pound of fresh water one degree Fahrenheit.
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