Cessna 172R - Mixing Ratio

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SECTION

HANDLING,

SERVICE

MAINTENANCE

CESSNA

MODEL

172R

Figure

8-1

Fuel

Mixing

Ratio

8-1

Feb

28/00

Main Page

Revision 72
I/II Revision3
Performance/Specifications5
Revision 75
Revision 76
Revision 77
Revision 48
Log of Effective Pages9
Table of Contents11
Revision 813
Revision14
Revision15
Table of Contents19
General Information23
Three View - Normal Ground Attitude24
Aircraft View24
Descriptive Data26
Engine Data26
Propeller Data26
Fuel Data26
Introduction26
Fuel Capacity27
Oil Specification27
Recommended Viscosity for Temperature Range28
Maximum Certificated Weights28
Standard Airplane Weights29
Specific Loadings29
Cabin and Entry Dimensions29
Baggage Space and Entry Dimensions29
Symbols, Abbreviations and Terminology30
General Airspeed Terminology and Symbols30
Meteorological Terminology31
Engine Power Terminology31
Airplane Performance and Flight Planning Terminology32
Weight and Balance Terminology33
Metric / Imperial / U.S. Conversion Charts35
Weight Conversions37
Length Conversions39
1 -5. Distance Conversions42
Volume Conversions43
Temperature Conversions46
Hectopascals to Inches Mercury Conversions47
Revision47
Limitations53
Introduction55
Airspeed Limitations56
Airspeed Indicator Markings57
Powerplant Limitations57
Powerplant Instrument Markings58
Weight Limits59
Center of Gravity Limits59
Normal Category59
Utility Category59
Maneuver Limits60
Normal Category60
Utility Category60
Utility Category61
Flight Load Factor Limits62
Kinds of Operation Limits62
Normal Category62
Utility Category62
Fuel Limitations63
Other Limitations63
Flap Limitations63
Additional Fuel Limitations63
Placards64
Emergency Procedures71
Airspeeds for Emergency Operation73
Introduction73
Engine Failure During Takeoff Roll74
Engine Failure Immediately after Takeoff74
Emergency Procedures Checklist74
Forced Landings75
Engine Failure During Flight (Restart Procedures)75
Emergency Landing Without Engine Power75
Precautionary Landing with Engine Power76
Ditching76
Fire During Start on Ground77
Engine Fire in Flight77
Electrical Fire in Flight78
Cabin Fire78
Wing Fire79
Inadvertent Icing Encounter79
Landing with a Flat Main Tire80
Landing with a Flat Nose Tire80
Static Source Blockage80
Electrical Power Supply System Malfunctions81
Ammeter Shows Excessive Rate of Charge81
(Full Scale Deflection)81
Low Voltage Annunciator (VOLTS) Illuminates During Flight (Ammeter Indicates Discharge)81
Vacuum System Failure82
Amplified Emergency Procedures83
Engine Failure83
Landing Without Elevator Control85
Forced Landings85
Emergency Operation in Clouds (Vacuum System Failure)86
Executing a 180° Turn in Clouds86
Fires86
Emergency Descent through Clouds87
Inadvertent Flight into Icing Conditions88
Recovery from Spiral Dive in the Clouds88
Static Source Blocked88
Spins89
Rough Engine Operation or Loss of Power90
Spark Plug Fouling90
Magneto Malfunction90
Engine-Driven Fuel Pump Failure90
Excessive Fuel Vapor Indications93
Low Oil Pressure93
Excessive Rate of Charge94
Electrical Power Supply System Malfunctions94
Insufficient Rate of Charge95
Windshield Damage95
Other Emergencies95
Normal Procedures99
Airspeeds for Normal Operation103
Introduction103
Preflight Inspection104
Checklist Procedures105
Preflight Inspection105
Cabin105
Empennage106
RIGHT WING Trailing Edge106
Right Wing106
Nose Check107
Left Wing108
Before Starting Engine Check109
Left Wing, Leading Edge Check109
Left Wing, Trailing Edge109
Starting Engine (with Battery)110
Starting Engine (with External Power)115
Before Takeoff121
Normal Takeoff121
Short Field Takeoff122
Enroute Climb122
Cruise122
Before Landing122
Normal Landing125
Short Field Landing125
Balked Landing125
After Landing - Securing Airplane125
Amplified Procedures126
Preflight Inspection126
Starting Engine127
Recommended Starter Duty Cycle128
Leaning for Ground Operations129
Taxiing129
Warm up133
Magneto Check135
Alternator Check135
Before Takeoff135
Warm up135
Takeoff136
Power Check136
Landing Lights136
Wing Flap Settings137
Crosswind Takeoff137
Enroute Climb137
Cruise138
Leaning Using the EGT Indicator139
Fuel Savings Procedures for Flight Training Operations140
Fuel Vapor Procedures141
Fuel Savings Procedures for Flight Training Operations141
Stalls142
Spins142
Normal Landing144
Crosswind Landing145
Short Field Landing145
Balked Landing145
Cold Weather Operation146
Winterization Kit147
Noise Characteristics and Noise Reduction148
Hot Weather Operation148
Revision 7148
Performance151
Sample Problem153
Fuel Required156
Demonstrated Operating Temperature158
Airspeed Calibration159
Temperature Conversion Chart161
Stall Speed at 24500 Pounds162
Crosswind Components163
Short Field Takeoff Distance164
Maximum Rate of Climb165
Time, Fuel and Distance to Climb166
Cruise Performance167
Range Profile169
Endurance Profile170
Short Field Landing Distance171
Weight and Balance/Equipment List177
Airplane Weighing Procedures179
Airplane Weighing Form180
Locating CG with Airplane on Landing Gear181
Weight / Balance & Equipment List185
Loading Arrangements199
Internal Cabin Dimensions200
Sample Loading Problem202
Loading Graph204
Center of Gravity Moment Envelope205
Comprehensive Equipment List207
Airplane and Systems Description217
Airframe221
Introduction221
Flight Controls222
Trim System222
Instrument Panel225
Center Panel Layout225
Pilot Pane Layout225
Ground Control228
Center Pedestal Layout228
RH Panel Layout228
Wing Flap System229
Landing Gear System230
Baggage Compartment230
Seats230
Integrated Seat Belt/Shoulder Harness231
Entrance Doors and Cabin Windows 7-1233
Control Locks234
Engine Description235
Engine Controls235
Engine Instruments235
New Engine Break in and Operation237
Engine Lubrication System237
Ignition and Starter System238
Air Induction System238
Exhaust System239
Cooling System239
Propeller239
Fuel System239
Fuel Distribution240
Fuel Indicating241
Fuel Venting242
Reduced Tank Capacity242
Fuel Selector Valve242
Fuel System Schematic243
Fuel Drain Valves246
Brake System247
Electrical System247
Electrical Schematic248
Annunciator Panel252
Master Switch253
Avionics Master Switch254
Ammeter254
Circuit Breakers254
Low Voltage Annunciation255
Circuit Breakers and Fuses255
External Power Receptacle256
Lighting Systems257
Exterior Lighting257
Interior Lighting257
Cabin Heating, Ventilating and Defrosting System259
Pitot-Static System and Instruments261
Airspeed Indicator262
Vertical Speed Indicator262
Vacuum System and Instruments263
Altimeter263
Attitude Indicator263
Directional Indicator263
Vacuum Gage265
Low Vacuum Annunciation265
Stall Warning System266
Standard Avionics266
Avionics Support Equipment267
Avionics Cooling Fan267
Microphone and Headset Installations267
Static Dischargers268
Cabin Features269
Emergency Locator Transmitter (ELT)269
Cabin Fire Extinguisher269
Airplane Handling, Service and Maintenance273
Introduction275
Identification Plate276
Cessna Owner Advisories276
United States Airplane Owners277
International Airplane Owners277
Publications277
Airplane File278
Airplane Inspection Periods279
FAA Required Inspections279
Cessna Inspection Programs280
Cessna Customer Care Program280
Pilot Conducted Preventive Maintenance281
Alterations or Repairs281
Ground Handling282
Towing282
Parking282
Tie-Down283
Jacking283
Leveling284
Flyable Storage284
Servicing285
Oil286
Oil Specification286
Recommended Viscosity for Temperature Range286
Capacity of Engine Sump287
Oil and Oil Filter Change287
Approved Fuel Grades (and Colors)288
Fuel Additives288
Fuel Capacity288
Mixing Ratio290
Fuel Contamination292
Landing Gear293
Cleaning and Care293
Windshield and Windows Cleaning293
Painted Surfaces Cleaning294
Propeller Care295
Engine Care295
Interior Care296
Supplement303
Control and Display Layout305
Section I. GENERAL305
Class II Oceanic, Remote, and Other Operations307
System Software309
Section 2. LIMITATIONS309
Pilot's Guide309
Navigation Database311
Terrain Database311
Navigation313
Approaches313
Autopilot Coupling315
Terrain Display315
Vnav315
Weather Display315
Traffic Display317
Emergency Procedures319
Abnormal Procedures 1319
Approaches with Vertical Guidance323
Approaches Without Vertical Guidance325
Autopilot Operation325
Coupling the Autopilot During Approaches325
Pilot's Guide325
WFDE Prediction Program329
Section 5. PERFORMANCE329
Weight and Balance329
Section 7. SYSTEM DESCRIPTIONS329
Upgrade Supplement331
Mjser Selectable Magnetic Variation331
Flying the LP Approach333
BENDIX/KING KX 155A VHF NAV/COMM with Kl346
208/Kl 209A Indication Head346
Operating COMM/NAV Frequency Display351
NAV Standby/Obs/Bearing/Radial/Timer Display351
NAV Frequency Selector Knobs351
Nawfrequency Transfer Button352
Mode Selector Button352
Nav/Volume Control (Pull Ident)353
Comm Frequency Selector Knobs354
Channel Button354
Comm Frequency Transfer Button355
Comm Volume Control (Off/Pull/Test)355
Communication Receiver-Transmitter Operation356
Navigation Receiver Operation357
VOR Operation357
LOC Operation357
Glideslope Operation358
Pilot Configuration358
Transponder with Blind Encoder361
Ident Button (IDT)365
Altitude Display365
Mode Selector Knob366
VFR Code Button (VFR)366
To Transmit an Emergency Signal367
To Transmit a Signal Representing Loss of All Communications367
To Transmit Mode a (Aircraft Identification) Codes in Flight367
To Transmit Mode C (Altitude Reporting) Codes in Flight368
To Self-Test Transponder Operation368
To Program VFR Code369
Emergency Locator Transmitter (ELT) - Model 3000-11/Model 4000-11372
Master Function Selector Switch374
Remote Switch/Annunciator375
ELT Emergency Operation377
Ensure ELT Activation377
After Sighting Rescue Aircraft377
Following Rescue377
ELT Inspection/Test378
In-Flight Monitoring and Reporting379
Automatic Direction Finder381
ANT/ADF Mode Annunciator385
In-Use Frequency Display385
BFO (Beat Frequency Oscillator) Annunciator385
Standby Frequency/Flight Time or Elapsed Time Annunciator385
Frequency Select Knobs386
On/Off/Volume Control Switch386
Set/Reset Elapsed Timer Button386
Frequency Transfer Button (FRQ)386
Bearing Pointer387
To Operate as an Automatic Direction Finder388
ADF Test (Pre-Flight or In-Flight)388
To Operate BFO389
To Operate Flight Timer389
To Operate as a Communications Receiver Only389
To Operate Elapsed Time Timer-Count up Mode390
To Operate Elapsed Time Timer-Count down Mode390
ADP Operation Notes391
Erroneous ADF Bearing Due to Radio Frequency Phenomena391
Night Effect391
Mountain Effect391
Single Axis Autopilot394
Autopilot Operating Controls399
Roll (R) Axis Annunciator400
Autopilot Engage/Disengage (AP) Button400
Heading (HDG) Mode Selector Button400
Approach (APR) Mode Selector Button401
Back Course Approach (REV) Mode Selector Button401
Heading Select Knob (HDG)401
Autopilot Disconnect (A/P Disc) Switch401
Autopilot Engage AP402
Flashing HDG405
Flashing NAV, APR or REV405
Effects of Instrument Losses Upon Autopilot Operation405
Autopilot - Preflight406
Autopilot Engagement406
Heading Hold407
Command Turns (Heading Hold Mode Engaged)407
NAV Coupling407
Approach (APR) Coupling409
Back Course (REV) Approach Coupling (I.e. Reverse Localizer)410
When Equipped with HSI411
Missed Approach412
Winterization Kit414
Digital Clock/Oat419
OAT Test Mode420
Oat/Voltmeter Operation420
Clock Operations421
Setting Universal Time421
Setting Local Time421
Flight Time Reset421
Setting Flight Time Flashing Alarm422
Setting Elapsed Time Count up422
Setting Elapsed Time Count down422
2 Axis Autopilot427
2-Axis Autopilot Circuit Breakers432
2-Axis KAP 140 Autopilot Schematic433
KAP 1 40 Without Altitude Preselect434
Pitch Axis (P) Annunciator434
Roll Axis (R) Annunciator434
Navigation (NAV) Mode Selector Button435
Back Course Approach (REV) Mode Button435
Altitude Hold (ALT) Mode Select Button435
Vertical Speed (Up/Dn) Mode Buttons436
Autopilot Disconnect Switch436
Manual Electric Trim (MET) Switches436
OMNI Bearing Select (OBS) Knob437
Pitch Trim (PT) Annunciator437
Autopilot Engage (AP) Annunciation437
KAP 140 with Altitude Preselect438
Baro Set Button438
Altitude Arm Button439
Altitude Alerterwertical Speed/Baro Setting439
Altitude Alert Annunciation439
Autopilot Limitations440
Flashing Mode Annunciation in the Display of the Autopilot Computer444
Voice Messages to be Annunciated as Conditions Warrant446
Manual Electric Trim Test447
Autopilot Tracking Performance Degradation450
Altitude (ALT) Hold Button453
Changing Altitudes453
Back Course (REV) Approach Coupling457
Glideslope Coupling459
Global Positioning System (IFR)462
GPS Annunciator/Switch467
RAIM - Emergency Procedures474
Autopilot Coupled Operation475
Approach Mode Sequencing and RAIM Prediction475
Audio Selector Panel482
Marker Facilities484
Marker Beacon Annunciator Lights485
Marker Beacon Sensitivity and Test/Mute Select Switch485
Receive Audio Select Buttons486
Microphone Selector Switch (MIC)486
Crew Ics/Music Mute Button487
Photocell for Automatic Dimming of Marker Becon Lights487
Intercom Mode Select488
Volume Control/Power Switch/Emergency Operation Knob489
Audio Control System Operation491
Marker Beacon Receiver Operation491
12 Volt Cabin Power System494
Mating Plug496

Cessna 172R - Mixing Ratio

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