I
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. THEORY OF OPERATION ...................................................................................................................1
2. QUICK START INSTRUCTIONS .................................................................................................2
3. PRIOR TO INSTALLATION
...............................................................................................................3
3.1 SATURATING FILTER TIPS .........................................................................................................3
3.1.1 SATURATING LOW AIR ENTRY (STANDARD) FILTERS ....................................................3
3.1.2 SATURATING HIGH AIR ENTRY CERAMIC FILTERS..........................................................3
3.1.3 SATURATING MODEL 4500C FILTER TIPS.............................................................................4
3.2 ESTABLISHING AN INITIAL ZERO READING .............................................................4
3.2.1 RECOMMENDED METHOD FOR ESTABLISHING AN INITIAL ZERO READING......5
3.2.2 ALTERNATIVE METHOD ONE ......................................................................................................5
3.2.3 ALTERNATIVE METHOD TWO .....................................................................................................5
3.2.4 ALTERNATIVE METHOD THREE .................................................................................................6
3.3 CHECKING THE PIEZOMETER PERFORMANCE.......................................................6
4. INSTALLATION
..............................................................................................................................................7
4.1 INSTALLATION IN STANDPIPES OR WELLS.............................................................7
4.2 INSTALLATION IN BOREHOLES.............................................................................................7
4.3 INSTALLATION IN FILLS AND EMBANKMENTS....................................................9
4.4 INSTALLATION BY PUSHING OR DRIVING INTO SOFT SOILS ............. 10
4.5 MODEL 4500H AND MODEL 4500HH TRANSDUCER.................................... 11
4.6 SPLICING AND JUNCTION BOXES ................................................................................. 11
4.7 LIGHTNING PROTECTION........................................................................................................ 12
4.8 FREEZING PROTECTION............................................................................................................ 13
5. TAKING READINGS
............................................................................................................................. 14
5.1 GK-404 VIBRATING WIRE READOUT............................................................................ 14
5.1.1 OPERATING THE GK-404 ........................................................................................................... 14
5.2 GK-405 VIBRATING WIRE READOUT............................................................................ 15
5.2.1 CONNECTING SENSORS WITH 10-PIN BULKHEAD CONNECTORS
ATTACHED
....................................................................................................................................... 15
5.2.2 CONNECTING SENSORS WITH BARE LEADS................................................................... 15
5.2.3 OPERATING THE GK-405 ........................................................................................................... 15
5.3 MEASURING TEMPERATURES ........................................................................................... 15
6. DATA REDUCTION
................................................................................................................................ 17
6.1 PRESSURE CALCULATION...................................................................................................... 17
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