3-8
TECHNICAL SUPPORT, continued
“Turbidimeter Standards, Calibration, and Practice”. By John M. Heer.
Reprinted from Waterworld News, Vol. 3, No. 2, 1987.
Topics covered include: primary standards for turbidity, using formazin
standards, secondary standards, calibration frequency and technique,
calibration tips, and zero turbidity check.
Turbidity Standards. By Clifford Hach, 1986.
Describes the development of a primary turbidity standard, using
formazin standards, secondary standards and appropriate reagents and
apparatus.
Turbidity Measurement
“Turbidimetric Measurements of High Purity Water”. By Clifford C.
Hach and Lawrence M. Liggett. Reprinted from Ultrapure Water, Vol. 2
No. 4, July/August, 1985.
Describes a very sensitive instrument technique for detecting particles in
liquids, including particles too small to be detected by the most sensitive
particle counters.
“Understanding Nephelometric Instrumentation”. By Richard D.
Vanous. Reprinted from American Laboratory, July, 1978.
Reviews the theory of nephelometric instrumentation and discusses the
variables that influence turbidity measurements.
Understanding Turbidity Measurement. By Clifford Hach, Richard D.
Vanous, and John M. Heer, 1989.
Provides an overview to turbidity measurement. The topics covered are:
Introduction and Definition, Modern Instruments, Practical Aspects of
Turbidity Measurement, Innovative Approaches to Turbidity
Measurement.