4.2Torque Converter
The torque converter mainly consists of an impeller, a turbine and a stator.
The liquid, from the impeller driven by an input shaft, is jetted along its leaves to
leaves of the turbine to transmit the torque to the output shaft (i.e. Mechanical energy
is changed into kinetic one). And the flowing direction of the liquid from the turbine
wheel is changed by the stator to cause a part of the liquid return to the impeller at an
angle and produce so large reaction torque driving the stator that the value of output
torque is more than that of input torque by the value of the reaction torque. When the
turbine speed keeps on increasing up to near speed of the impeller, the change rate of
the flow angle slows down and the value of the output torque keeps on decreasing
until the liquid flows into the leaves of the stator in opposite direction. When original
reaction torque acts in the opposite direction, the torque value of the output shaft is
less than that of the input shaft. To prevent this, a one-way overrun clutch is fitted in
the stator, causing the stator freely rotate in this case.
Spring plate
Turbine
Impeller
Stator
To Clutch
One-way clutch
Fig. 4-2 Torque converter
-33-
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