Model 8901B
Modulation Range
AM
FM
@M
Depth
Deviation Deviation
("/I
(kHz)*
(rad)
40
4
4
100
40
40
100
400
400
Service
Service
Sheet
BD4
20
dB Attenuator
1
2
out out
out
in
in
in
BLOCK
a
Audio
PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION
General
The Audio Block Diagram documents the audio circuits which process the demodulated
IF
signal and
convert the audio signal
to
dc for measurement by an internal digital voltmeter. The audio circuits
include amplifiers, filters, attenuators, switches, ac
to
dc converters, an integrator, a counter, a distortion
analyzer, etc.
Audio Filters Assembly (A2)
The residual
IF
carrier on the demodulated AM
or
FM
is
filtered by the 260 kHz Low-Pass Filter in
each path. These filters determine the audio bandwidth when LP FILTER is set
to
>200 kHz. 20
dB
Attenuator
1
partially determines the audio gain in the FM and @M modes.
The demodulated signal passes through Amplifier
1,
which has
a
gain of 8.9
dB,
and when selected,
the 15 kHz
or
>20 kHz Low-Pass Filter further filters the signal. The 15 kHz Low-Pass Filter is
automatically selected for the 455 kHz
IF.
The >20
kHz
Low-Pass Filter can also be selected. The 6
dB
Attenuator in the through-path matches the 6
dB
loss through the two filters.
Amplifier
2
has 13.7
dB
of gain. 20
dB
Attenuator
2
gives further audio-range control. Amplifier 3
has 20
dl3
of gain. Amplifiers
1,
2, and
3
distribute the audio gain
for
optimum noise reduction and
distortion. Special Function
2
controls the overall audio gain. Table 8D-12 lists the modulation ranges
and the associated attenuation. (The ranges in the table apply only for the PEAK+, PEAK-, and
AVG audio detectors.)
Table
80-12.
Attenuation
us.
Modulation Range
With
750
ps
FM DE-EMPHASIS and PRE-DISPLAY selected the FM
ranges are
0.4,
4,
and
40
kHz.
Audio De-emphasis and Output Assembly (A3)
The Audio De-emphasis and Output Assembly contains audio filters, FM de-emphasis networks, a QM
integrator, audio output amplifiers, and two audio level detectors.
The 50 and
300
Hz High-Pass and
3
kHz Low-Pass Filters are active filters selected from the front
panel. The four FM de-emphasis networks are single-pole, low-pass filters with time constants of 750,
75, 50, and 25
ps.
The 750
ps
network also adds 20
dB
of gain.
The phase deviation of the
RF
input signal is recovered by integrating the demodulated FM with the
Phase Modulation Integrator. In mathematical terms, the instantaneous phase deviation is the integral
of the instantaneous frequency deviation.
Service Sheet BD4
8D-37
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