Description of Various Tests
As found by Professor Sanford E. Gerber complex signals like White
Noise (WN) assure better responsiveness on neonates and up to the
age of approximately seven months than e.g. pure tones and Narrow
Band Noise. Therefore PA5 has the possibility of stimulating with
WN.
The APR Test:
The Auropalpebral Reflex is a startle reflex of the eyelid
elicited by relatively strong sounds, approximately 80 - 100 dB
SPL (PA5 is calibrated in dB HL).
The test can be performed on neonates from the day of birth
and it is not based on co-operation with the newborn child.
Other responses than the APR can be arousal from sleep,
crying or diminished activity.
The COR Test:
The Paediatric Audiometer PA5 can perform Conditioned
Orientation Audiometry based on a technique described by
Suzuki and Ogiba (1961). The phenomenon called
“Orientation Reflex” is not a learned response, but a natural
reflex movement elicited by sound or visual stimulation.
If the visual stimulation elicits a reflex which is conditioned by
a tone, the child will look towards the visual stimulation, e.g.
flashing light, as soon as the tone is heard. If the conditioning
is effective the child will look in the direction of the sound
source even before the visual stimulation is presented. The
COR method requires cooperation from the child.
The VRA Test:
The Paediatric Audiometer PA5 can perform the Visual
Reinforcement Audiometry (Liden and Kankunen, 1969),
which is an extension and modification of COR, where the co-
operation with the child is less important. Liden and Kankunen
accept not only the sound localisation orientation reflex, but
also four other reactions: reflex reactions (body and face),
search reactions, orientation reactions and spontaneous
reactions.
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