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Electric vehicle guide Review of electric vehicle
Electric vehicle guide
Review of electric vehicle
An electric vehicle is driven using a battery and an electric motor. Whilst general vehicles
use an internal combustion engine and petrol as fuel, electric vehicles use electrical
energy that is charged and stored inside the high voltage battery.
As a result, electric vehicles are eco-friendly in that they do not require fuel and do not
emit exhaust gases.
Characteristics of electric vehicles
It is driven using the electrical energy that is charged & stored inside the high voltage bat
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tery. This method prevents air pollution since fuel, like petrol, is not required, negating the
emission of exhaust gases.
A high performance electric motor is used in the vehicle as well. Compared to standard,
internal combustion engine vehicles, engine noise and vibrations are much more minimal
when driving.
When decelerating or driving downhill, regenerative braking is utilized to charge the high
voltage battery. This minimizes energy loss and increases the distance to empty.
When the battery charge is not sufficient, AC charge (L2-Normal), DC charge and Trickle
charge (L1-Trickle) are available. (Refer to "Charge types for electric vehicle" on page 1-17.)
Battery information
The vehicle is composed of a high voltage battery that drives the motor, air conditioner,
and charges an auxiliary battery (12 V) that drives all other 12 V systems.
The auxiliary battery is automatically charged when the vehicle is in
READY
mode or the
high voltage battery is being charged.
What does regenerative braking do?
It uses the electric motor when decelerating and recaptures & transforms kinetic to electri
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cal energy in order to charge the high voltage battery.
Main components of electric vehicle
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On-Board Charger (OBC)
: Transforms (inverts) AC power charge power, to DC power,
to charge the high voltage battery
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Inverter
: Transforms direct current into alternating current to supply power to the
motor, and transforms alternating current into direct current to charge the high voltage
battery.
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LDC
: Transforms (converts) power from the high voltage battery to low voltage (12 V) to
supply power to the vehicle (DC-DC).
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VCU
: Functions as a supervisory controller of electric vehicle
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Motor
: Uses electrical energy stored inside the high voltage battery to drive the vehicle
(functions like an engine in a standard vehicle).
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Reduction gear
: Delivers rotational force of the motor to the tyres at appropriate
speeds and torque.
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