MIDI Mode
Program Change Formats
10-11
Extended and Kurzweil Program Change Types
In the early days of MIDI, most instruments had small numbers of memory locations, usually
32, 64, or 128. As instruments began to have more memory locations, however, users ran
against the limitation of only 128 values for program changes in the MIDI spec. Because of this,
Bank Change Controller was added, allowing users to switch between banks of up to 128
programs per bank.
Previous to the addition of the Bank Change Controller, Kurzweil had developed their own
method of switching banks by using two program changes, one to switch the bank, the second
to call up the program within the bank (as described below). The K2500 can respond to either
the Bank Change controller or the double program change method. In a nutshell, the difference
between the Extended setting and the Kurzweil setting is this: In Extended, the K2500 will
receive and respond to both the Bank Change controller and double program change method,
but it will always transmit the Bank Change controller. When set to Kurzweil, the K2500 will
receive and transmit only the double program change method.
Extended Program Changes
If you’re connected to a MIDI device that can handle the MIDI Controller 0 program change
format, your flexibility increases considerably. We’ll discuss first how the K2500 receives
program change commands in this format, then how it transmits. In a system of this sort, you’ll
set the program change Type parameter to a value of Extended (or QA Bank E, but that
explanation comes later).
First, the receiving end. When you’re using the extended program change format, the K2500
will respond to either MIDI controller 0 program change commands, or standard program
change commands, but only within certain ranges, as follows:
Program change Range of values Result
command type
MIDI controller 32 (MC 32) 0 to 9 Selects memory bank 0s–900s
10 to 127 Ignored
Standard (PCH) 0 to 99 Selects correspondingly numbered pro-
gram in current memory bank
100 to 109 Selects memory bank 0s–900s
110 to 127 Ignored
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