18
Main Features and Operation
LFO Section - Envelopes Section
There are two LFOs - Low Frequency Oscillators - available on the K-
Station. These produce regular electronic variations which are too low
to be heard when converted into audio vibrations. They can be used to
modify various elements of the sound, producing regular changes in
pitch (vibrato), pulse width or filter Cut off.
SPEED Knob
Controls the speed of the low frequency Oscillations. An LED directly
below the knob indicates the speed. Faster speeds are set by turning
the knob clockwise. These are suitable for vibrato and tremolo effects.
Slower speeds are more appropriate for Pulse Width changes or spe-
cial effects.
DELAY Knob
Controls how long after the note is struck the selected LFO begins to
take effect. Fully anticlockwise and the selected LFO effect will begin
immediately. Turning clockwise will cause the LFO effect to fade in.
The time of the fade in is dependent on the knob position. This is used
for delayed vibrato effects.
LFO Select Button
Selects which LFO the SPEED, DELAY and WAVEFORM controls
relate to. Select position 1 for LFO 1 and 2 for LFO 2.
WAVEFORM Button
Selects the waveform shape for the selected LFO.
TRI -Triangle waveform gives the smoothest continuous change in
level to the LFO. When routed to pitch, it introduces vibrato or a siren
effect dependent of its speed setting. When routed to Filter Cut off, a
Wow Wow effect results.
SAW - Sawtooth waveform generates a rising level which then jumps
back up to zero level. Routed to the Filter Cut off, it produces a rhyth-
mic pulse effect. Routing it to pitch produces siren type sounds.
SQR - Square waveform changes level instantly from minimum to max-
imum. This waveform is useful for trills and computer game effects.
S/H - Sample & Hold. At a regular interval (governed by the SPEED
knob), the level of the LFO jumps to a new random level and stays
there until the next jump. This creates a rhythmic effect particularly if
routed to the Filter Cut off. Routing this to pitch gives a less musical
result, but is useful for computer or machinery sound effects.
Additional settings associated with the LFOs can be found within the
LFOs Menu. See Page 25.
AMP and MOD Envelopes
The Envelopes are used to shape a sound throughout its duration. The
AMP Envelope determines the volume of the sound with respect to its
duration.
The MOD Envelope may be used to control other sound elements of
the synthesizer throughout the duration of the sound. It can control
Oscillator Pulse Width, Filter frequency and Oscillator Pitch.
ATTACK Knob / Slider
Sets how quickly the envelope rises to its maximum level when a note
is struck. Fully anticlockwise and this rise time or slope is very fast,
less than half a thousandth of a second (instantaneous to the ear)
increasing exponentially to twenty seconds when fully clockwise. To
shorten attack times, turn this control towards zero and to lengthen
attack times, turn this control towards maximum.
Note : When the attack time is set to Zero, the instantaneous rise time
of the Envelope may produce audible ‘clicks’. This is not a faulty condi-
tion and may be useful for the creation of certain sounds (for example,
‘key clicks’ on organ simulations). If this is undesirable, increase the
Attack time until the clicks are inaudible.
DECAY Knob / Slider
Sets how quickly the envelope falls to a sustain level after the maxi-
mum level has been reached. Set to zero, this time is about one thou-
sandth of a second (still instantaneous to the ear ) increasing exponen-
tially to twenty seconds when set to maximum. To shorten decay times,
move this control towards zero and to lengthen decay times move this
control towards maximum.
SUSTAIN Knob / Slider
Sets the level at which the envelope remains following the Decay
phase, only while a key is being held on a controller keyboard (or there
is a MIDI Note On command present). When set to zero, the envelope
will decay to zero without being interrupted. As the control is moved
towards maximum, the sustain level increases until, when at maximum,
the sustain level is at its maximum level.
RELEASE Knob / Slider
Sets how quickly the envelope falls from the sustain level to zero once
the note has been released. When set to zero, this time is about one
thousandth of a second (instantaneous to the ear) increasing exponen-
tially to twenty seconds when set to maximum. To shorten release
times, move this control towards zero and to lengthen release times,
move this control towards maximum.
Additional settings associated with the Envelopes can be found within
the Envelopes Menu. See Page 26 - 27.
To Next Page
Loading...