Center of Gravity The point at which an airplane would
(C.G.) balance if suspended. Its distance from the
reference datum is found by dividing the
total moment by the total weight of the
airplane.
C.G. Arm The arm obtained by adding the airplane’s
individual moments and dividing the sum
by the total weight.
C.G. Limits The extreme center of gravity locations
within which the airplane must be operated
at a given weight.
Usable Fuel Fuel available for flight planning.
Unusable Fuel Fuel remaining after a runout test has been
completed in accordance with govern-
mental regulations.
Standard Empty Weight of a standard airplane including
Weight unusable fuel, full operating fluids and full
oil.
Basic Empty Standard empty weight plus optional
Weight equipment.
Payload Weight of occupants, cargo and baggage.
Useful Load Difference between takeoff weight, or
ramp weight if applicable, and basic empty
weight.
Maximum Ramp Maximum weight approved for ground
Weight maneuver. (It includes weight of start, taxi
and run up fuel.)
SECTION 1 PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION
GENERAL PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK
REPORT: 2126 ISSUED: JANUARY 20, 1978
1-10
Center of Gravity The point at which an airplane would
(C.G.) balance if suspended. Its distance from the
reference datum is found by dividing the
total moment by the total weight of the
airplane.
C.G. Arm The arm obtained by adding the airplane’s
individual moments and dividing the sum
by the total weight.
C.G. Limits The extreme center of gravity locations
within which the airplane must be operated
at a given weight.
Usable Fuel Fuel available for flight planning.
Unusable Fuel Fuel remaining after a runout test has been
completed in accordance with govern-
mental regulations.
Standard Empty Weight of a standard airplane including
Weight unusable fuel, full operating fluids and full
oil.
Basic Empty Standard empty weight plus optional
Weight equipment.
Payload Weight of occupants, cargo and baggage.
Useful Load Difference between takeoff weight, or
ramp weight if applicable, and basic empty
weight.
Maximum Ramp Maximum weight approved for ground
Weight maneuver. (It includes weight of start, taxi
and run up fuel.)
SECTION 1 PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION
GENERAL PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK
REPORT: 2126 ISSUED: JANUARY 20, 1978
1-10