Titmus V4 / Titmus V2
Malingering – the intentional production of false
symptoms to achieve financial or other gains; for
example pretending to have loss of vision to avoid
military duty.
Monocular – vision with only one eye.
Muscle balance – the coordination of muscles allowing
the two eyes to work together.
Myopia – also called nearsightedness. Condition in
which the length of the eye is too long, causing light
rays to focus in front of the retina rather than on it,
resulting in blurred distance vision. Additional
symptoms include eyestrain, poor night vision or
squinting.
N
Near Vision – vision at 14 to 16 inches.
Nearsightedness – see Myopia.
O
Occlusion – obstruction or “shutting” of vision from one
or both eyes.
Ophthalmologist – a Medical Doctor (M.D.) who
specializes in the eye. Ophthalmologists perform eye
exams, treat disease, prescribe medication, and perform
surgery. They may also write prescriptions for
eyeglasses and contact lenses.
Optician – opticians are not doctors, but in some states
they must complete training and be licensed. And in
some states they can become certified, after special
training, to fit contact lenses. Most opticians sell and fit
eyeglasses, sunglasses, and specialty eyewear that are
made to an optometrist’s or ophthalmologist’s
prescription. Many also have equipment on the premises
so they can grind lenses and put them in frames without
ordering from a lab.
Optometrist – doctors of optometry (O.D.s) examine
eyes for both vision and health problems, prescribe
glasses, and fit contact lenses. They can prescribe many
ophthalmic medications and may participate in your
pre- and postoperative care if you have eye surgery.
O.D.s must complete four years of post-graduate
optometry school for their doctorate.
Orthophoria – ideal condition of muscle balance
(balanced eyes).
P
Perimetry – charting the eye’s field of vision, often
using light flashed at various locations from the outside
peripheral plane to the nasal area.
Peripheral vision – ability to perceive objects outside of
the direct line of vision.
Presbyopia – loss of accommodation due to aging
(usually after age 40), causing difficulty focusing on near
objects. This is caused by the loss of elasticity of the
crystalline lens.
Prism – a wedge-shaped piece of glass that can bend
rays of light toward its base.
Progressive lens – an eyeglass lens that incorporates
both the distance and near vision correction into one
lens without a line.
Pupil – the opening in the center of the iris that changes
size to regulate the amount of light that enters the eye.
R
Refraction – the bending of the rays of light. Sometimes
used to refer to an eye examination that determines the
best corrective lenses for good vision.
Retina – the multi-layered sensory tissue, lining the
back of the eye, that captures and converts light rays
into electrical impulses and sends them to the brain
where they are converted into images.
S
Snellen chart – a chart, often hung on a wall at a
distance of 20 ft. from the subject, used for evaluating
visual acuity. Symbols or letters and numbers should be
legible if eyes are normal.
Strabismus – a manifestation of a muscle imbalance.
Eyes that turn inward or outward.
Stereopsis – depth perception; ability to see binocularly
(two-eyed).
Suppression – the blocking of vision of one eye without
apparent structural or physical cause.
T
Trifocal – corrective lens that incorporates three
different lens powers, usually for near, intermediate,
and distance vision correction.
20/20 – many eye care practitioners consider this the
average visual acuity for human beings, but humans can
see 20/15 or even 20/10. People with 20/40 vision can
see clearly at 20 feet what people with 20/20 vision can
see clearly at 40 feet. In the United States, 20/40 is the
lowest uncorrected acuity required to obtain a driver’s
license.
V
Vertical Phoria – a Muscle Balance Test to define a
value for the balance of the eyes in the vertical direction.
This identifies a tendency of Hyperphoria (one eye in the
line of sight elevated relative to the other eye)
Vision – the ability to see and to interpret what is seen.
Visual acuity — the sharpness of vision of an eye.
Visual field – the full scope of the area that the eye can
see while looking straight ahead.
Many terms in this glossary are used with permission by www.allaboutvision.com.
Visit website for additional eye care terms. For additional eye care terms see the following glossaries and web sites:
• Dictionary of Eye Terminology by Triad Publishing Company, P.O. Box 13355, Gainesville, Florida 32604,
www.triadpublishing.com
• http://www.children-special-needs.org/
• http://www.strabismus.org/miscellaneous.html
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