FUNCTION CHARACTERISTICS
53
4.2 FIRMWARE
The firmware which handles operation of XRM relays is made up of three fundamental elements
shown in the following block diagram.
— Base software
Single modules are application independent with modular and scalable structure.
The system can be assimilated to the PC BIOS (Basic Input-Output System); three main function are
provided:
• Start-up test execution
• RAM loading of the operating system
• Provide a suitable interface to access the relay hardware
— Real-time operating system
An embedded operative system is employed suitable for real-time applications (LINUX).
A multithread preemptive structure is able to menage several task with multiple priority levels .
The kernel represents the nucleus of the system: it includes the processing functions closest to the
electronic circuits.
In addition, the kernel manages a service communication protocol known as Basic Protocol (BP).
— Task
The task (process e thread) are the base components.
Example are:
• Keyboard management
• RTC (Real Time Clock) updating
• RAM/EEPROM updating
• Diagnostic
• Input acquisition
• Output relay management
• MMI
• I/O updating
• DSP data processing
DSP Firmware
By means of Discrete Fourier Transform calculation, based on 64 samples/period, information is de-
duced in relation to the amplitude and phase of all the current measurements; these are constantly
updated and at the disposal of all the protection and control application algorithms.
KEYS
PC com
Sync
Binary inputs
Output relays
LEDs
EEPROM
RTC refresh
EEPROM
update
Diagnostic
DSP
MMI
Task
Oscillography
Measures
Drivers
Sampling
Timer
KEY
Process (Task)
Functional Library (Drivers)
Real Time Operating System
Interrupt
Timer
I/O boards
KEYS
Timer
RAM/EPROM
memory check
Timer
Timer
DATA BASE
Timer
Ethernet RS232
RS485
Counters
Events
Data Base
Messages
+
XMR-D EQUIPMENT MANUAL
Ed. 2.9 - 02/2021
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