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Xiaomi M365PRO - User Manual

Xiaomi M365PRO
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Table of contents
Table of contents
Warnings 2
Introduction 3
General view 4
Basic specifications 5
Pinout 6
Installation 7
Xiaomi M365 - wiring diagram 7
Xiaomi M365PRO - wiring diagram 8
Installation process video tutorials 9
Setting up the battery 10
Description of parameters 11
Default parameter values 14
Troubleshooting 15
Warranty and technical support 16
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Summary

Warnings

Introduction

General view

Basic specifications

Pinout

Installation

Xiaomi M365 - wiring diagram

Details the wiring diagram for the Xiaomi M365 model.

Xiaomi M365 PRO - wiring diagram

Details the wiring diagram for the Xiaomi M365PRO model.

Installation process video tutorials

Provides links to video guides for the installation process.

Setting up the battery

Description of parameters

Explains the function and purpose of each configurable BMS parameter.

Default parameter values

Lists the standard default values for all configurable BMS settings.

Troubleshooting

Warranty and technical support

Summary

Warnings

Introduction

General view

Basic specifications

Pinout

Installation

Xiaomi M365 - wiring diagram

Details the wiring diagram for the Xiaomi M365 model.

Xiaomi M365 PRO - wiring diagram

Details the wiring diagram for the Xiaomi M365PRO model.

Installation process video tutorials

Provides links to video guides for the installation process.

Setting up the battery

Description of parameters

Explains the function and purpose of each configurable BMS parameter.

Default parameter values

Lists the standard default values for all configurable BMS settings.

Troubleshooting

Warranty and technical support

Overview

This document describes a repair Battery Management System (BMS) designed for Xiaomi Mijia M365 and M365PRO electric scooters. This repair BMS serves as a replacement for a faulty original BMS or for upgrading the battery by replacing cells with higher capacity ones. It can also be used for custom-built 10s battery packs. The repair BMS is designed to be recognized as a standard component by Xiaomi Mijia M365/M365PRO scooters, maintaining all original functionalities. Additionally, it offers flexible configuration of various parameters such as battery capacity, discharge curve, serial number, and maximum current.

Function Description

The repair BMS is a crucial component for managing the battery pack of Xiaomi electric scooters. Its primary function is to monitor and control the charging and discharging processes, ensuring the safety and longevity of the battery cells. It continuously monitors individual cell voltages, overall battery voltage, current, and temperature. In case of anomalies, it triggers protective measures to prevent damage to the battery or the scooter.

The BMS includes an "Activity and error indicator" which flashes every half second during normal operation. If an error occurs, it displays a specific error code, which can be referenced in the "Troubleshooting" section for diagnosis. Temperature sensors integrated into the BMS provide real-time temperature data, displayed in the smartphone application. If these sensors detect an excessive temperature, the BMS temporarily disables charging and discharging to protect the battery. A thermal fuse is also present, which irreversibly melts at a critical battery temperature, completely cutting off BMS power and, consequently, battery charge and discharge. Current fuses are designed to irreversibly burn out at critical overcurrents if the software protection fails to activate.

The BMS supports Li-ion and Li-pol battery types and is exclusively designed for 10s battery configurations. It manages continuous discharge and charge currents, and also facilitates cell balancing to ensure uniform voltage across all cells.

Usage Features

The repair BMS offers extensive customization and monitoring capabilities through a dedicated smartphone application called "M365 BMS Tool," available for both Android and iPhone. This application allows users to configure numerous parameters, which is particularly useful when replacing a faulty original BMS, upgrading to higher capacity cells, or assembling a custom battery pack.

Installation: The installation process involves connecting the BMS to the battery pack and the scooter's electrical system. Specific wiring diagrams are provided for both Xiaomi M365 and M365PRO models. It is crucial to follow the wiring sequence precisely to avoid irreparable damage to the BMS and voiding the warranty. The steps include connecting the black power wire to the negative lead, the red power wire to the positive lead, and then connecting the balancing wires in a specific order (B0 to B10 for M365, B0 to B9 for M365PRO). Temperature sensors and the thermal fuse must be installed using a thermal compound or neutral sealant. A connector for the rear light wire needs to be soldered, and finally, the battery is connected to the scooter. To initiate the BMS for the first time, the charger must be connected to the scooter, and a blinking indicator LED on the board confirms a successful start.

Configuration: The "M365 BMS Tool" application provides a comprehensive interface for configuring various battery parameters.

  • Battery Serial: Allows users to enter a custom serial number, such as their name or repair shop name, which is displayed in applications.
  • Battery Capacity: A critical parameter that must be set accurately to ensure correct charge level calculation during charging and discharging.
  • Battery Date of Production: Affects only the production date displayed in applications.
  • Discharge Curve: Enables fine-tuning of the correlation between the voltage of the most discharged parallel and the charge level at 11 points. This allows for precise adjustment of the charge level scale to match the non-linear characteristics of the specific battery cells used.
  • Charge Overcurrent: Defines the maximum continuous charge current. If this current is exceeded for a specified duration ("Charge overcurrent delay"), charging is disabled for a period defined by "Charge overcurrent cooldown."
  • Discharge Overcurrent: Similar to charge overcurrent, this parameter sets the maximum continuous discharge current. Exceeding this for a specified "Discharge overcurrent delay" will disable discharging for the "Discharge overcurrent cooldown" period.
  • Short Circuit Current: Sets the maximum continuous discharge current before short-circuit protection activates. If exceeded for the "Short circuit delay," discharging is disabled for the "Short circuit cooldown" period.
  • Cell Overvoltage: Defines the voltage threshold above which, if at least one parallel cell exceeds it for a specified "Cell overvoltage delay," charging is disabled until the voltage drops below a certain hysteresis value.
  • Cell Undervoltage: Defines the voltage threshold below which, if at least one parallel cell drops for a specified "Cell undervoltage delay," discharging is disabled until the voltage rises above a certain hysteresis value.
  • Balancing Mode: Offers three options: "Always" (balances cells unless their voltage is below "Lowest voltage to balance"), "Charge & Overvoltage" (balances during charging or when a cell exceeds maximum voltage), and "Never" (disables balancing).
  • BMS Shutdown Undervoltage: The voltage at which the BMS completely turns off if any parallel cell drops below it for 30 seconds. This prevents over-discharging the battery pack when the scooter is left discharged for extended periods.
  • Lowest Voltage to Balance: The minimum parallel voltage at which cell balancing will occur.
  • Cells Disbalance Threshold: The voltage difference between the most discharged parallel and other parallels required for balancing to begin.
  • Recuperation Disable Cell Voltage: If any parallel cell voltage exceeds this value, a signal is sent to the controller to disable recuperation.
  • Critical Temperature: If any temperature sensor exceeds this value for a specified "Critical temperature delay," discharge and charge are disabled until the temperature drops below a certain hysteresis value.

Maintenance Features

The repair BMS is designed with several features that aid in maintenance and troubleshooting, ensuring the continued safe operation of the battery pack.

Troubleshooting: The manual provides a dedicated troubleshooting section to address common issues:

  • Battery not working, LED not blinking: Solutions include connecting the charger to start the BMS, checking all connections for correctness, and verifying that all battery parallels are within the 2.5 to 4.2 volts range.
  • BMS starts but shuts down after 30 seconds: This often indicates that at least one parallel cell voltage has dropped below the "BMS shutdown undervoltage" parameter (default 2.6V). The solution is to leave the charger connected after starting the BMS to charge the problematic parallel.
  • BMS flashes LED, but scooter does not turn on:
    • If the battery output voltage is between 30 and 42 volts, the BMS and battery pack are likely fine, and the issue is with the scooter controller.
    • If the output voltage is below 30 volts, the blinking LED signals an error disabling battery discharge:
      • A short flash once per second indicates that at least one parallel cell is discharged below the "Cell undervoltage" parameter. This requires investigating the cause, such as a fully discharged battery (normal operation) or a faulty cell/broken contact.
      • Continuous light signifies activation of overcurrent or short-circuit protection, requiring a wait of 10-20 seconds.
      • A long flash once per second indicates activation of temperature rise protection, requiring a wait for the temperature to drop.
      • A short flash every half second is the normal mode, meaning no errors are disabling discharge. If there's no voltage at the BMS output despite this, it indicates a board malfunction, and technical support should be contacted.

Warranty and Technical Support: The manufacturer explicitly states that returns are not accepted, and warranty is no longer provided due to instances of incorrect installation by unqualified customers. However, the quality of the BMS is affirmed by years of installations. For technical support and questions not covered in the manual, users are directed to a special Telegram group: "Xiaomi M365/PRO/1S custom electronics by Denis Yurev." This community-based support mechanism allows users to seek assistance from experienced individuals and the developer directly.

Xiaomi M365PRO Specifications

General IconGeneral
CategoryElectric Scooter
Max Speed25 km/h
Max Range45 km
Weight14.2 kg
Max Load100 kg
Tire Size8.5 inches
DisplayLED Display
Motor Power600 W
Battery Capacity474 Wh
Charging Time8 hours
Braking SystemDisc Brake + Regenerative Braking
LightsRear: LED